Heavenly Praise and the Marriage of the Lamb
Revelation 19:1-10
Rev.19.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Μετα: PREP,acc
- ταυτα: PRON,acc,pl,n
- ηκουσα: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,sg
- ως: ADV
- φωνην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- μεγαλην: ADJ,acc,sg,f
- οχλου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- πολλου: ADJ,gen,sg,m
- εν: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- ουρανω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- λεγοντων·Αλληλουια·η: PART,pres,act,gen,pl,m
- σωτηρια: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- δοξα: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- δυναμις: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
Parallels
- Revelation 7:10 (verbal): A nearly identical acclamation: 'Salvation to our God' is proclaimed by the great multitude, echoing Rev 19:1's 'Alleluia... salvation... to our God.'
- Revelation 7:12 (structural): A doxological catalogue ('Blessing, and glory, and wisdom, and thanksgiving, and honour, and power...') that parallels Rev 19:1's triad of 'salvation and glory and power' in heavenly praise.
- Revelation 5:12 (thematic): Heavenly worship ascribes worth and power to God/the Lamb ('Worthy is the Lamb... power, and riches...'); thematically parallels the triumphal acclamation in Rev 19:1.
- Psalm 98:3 (verbal): Speaks of 'the salvation of our God' and rejoicing before the Lord—language and theme of divine salvation and praise that Rev 19:1 echoes with 'hallelujah' and 'salvation.'
- Isaiah 25:9 (thematic): Proclaims 'this is our God; we have waited for him, and he will save us... we will rejoice in his salvation,' reflecting the celebration of God’s saving work voiced in Rev 19:1.
Alternative generated candidates
- After these things I heard as though a great multitude in heaven were saying, 'Hallelujah! Salvation and glory and power belong to our God,
- After these things I heard what seemed to be the loud voice of a great multitude in heaven, saying, "Alleluia! Salvation and glory and power belong to our God."
Rev.19.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- οτι: CONJ
- αληθιναι: ADJ,nom,pl,f
- και: CONJ
- δικαιαι: ADJ,nom,pl,f
- αι: ART,nom,pl,f
- κρισεις: NOUN,nom,pl,f
- αυτου·οτι: PRON,gen,sg,m+CONJ
- εκρινεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- πορνην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- μεγαλην: ADJ,acc,sg,f
- ητις: PRON,rel,nom,sg,f
- εφθειρεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- γην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- εν: PREP
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- πορνεια: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- εξεδικησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- αιμα: NOUN,nom,sg,neut
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- δουλων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- εκ: PREP
- χειρος: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
Parallels
- Revelation 16:5-6 (verbal): Both passages pronounce God’s ways/judgments ‘just and true’ and explicitly link those judgments to the shedding of the blood of the saints, echoing language of righteous retribution.
- Revelation 17:1-2 (structural): Introduces the ‘great prostitute’ who ‘corrupted the earth with her fornication,’ the same figure and charge that 19:2 says God has judged.
- Revelation 17:4-6 (verbal): Gives the detailed description of the woman (‘the great harlot’) and her drunkenness with the blood of the saints—parallel imagery to 19:2’s indictment and the vengeance for the blood of God’s servants.
- Revelation 18:24 (thematic): States that in Babylon was found ‘the blood of prophets and of saints,’ directly echoing 19:2’s claim that God has avenged the blood of his servants at her hand.
Alternative generated candidates
- for his judgments are true and just; for he has judged the great prostitute who corrupted the earth by her fornication, and he has avenged the blood of his servants at her hand.'
- For his judgments are true and righteous; for he has judged the great prostitute who corrupted the earth with her fornication, and he has avenged the blood of his servants on her.
Rev.19.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- δευτερον: ADJ,nom,sg,ne
- ειρηκαν·Αλληλουια·και: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- καπνος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
- αναβαινει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- εις: PREP
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- αιωνας: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- αιωνων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
Parallels
- Revelation 14:11 (verbal): Uses the same language of 'the smoke of their torment ascends for ever and ever'—a direct verbal and thematic echo about perpetual judgment.
- Isaiah 34:10 (allusion): Describes smoke going up forever from divine judgment ('its smoke shall go up forever and ever'), a close prophetic precedent for Revelation's image of everlasting burning.
- Isaiah 66:24 (thematic): Speaks of unending signs of judgment ('their worm shall not die, neither shall their fire be quenched'), thematically parallel to Revelation's imagery of everlasting smoke.
- Revelation 19:1 (structural): Immediate context: an earlier 'Alleluia' celebrates God's righteous judgments and the destruction of the harlot—Rev 19:3 repeats and intensifies that acclamation.
- Revelation 19:6 (structural): Another liturgical 'Alleluia' in the same scene (the throne-room doxology), showing the refrain and communal acclamation framing the judgment language of verse 3.
Alternative generated candidates
- Again they said, 'Hallelujah! Her smoke rises up forever and ever.'
- And again they said, "Alleluia!" and her smoke rose up for ever and ever.
Rev.19.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- επεσαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- πρεσβυτεροι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- εικοσι: NUM,card
- τεσσαρες: NUM,card
- και: CONJ
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- τεσσαρα: NUM,card,pl
- ζωα: NOUN,nom,pl,n
- και: CONJ
- προσεκυνησαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- θεω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- καθημενω: PART,perf,pass,ptcp,dat,sg,m
- επι: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- θρονω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- λεγοντες·Αμην: PART,pres,act,nom,pl,m
- Αλληλουια: INTJ
Parallels
- Revelation 4:8-11 (verbal): Directly parallels the throne-room worship: the four living creatures and the twenty-four elders surround the throne, fall down, and worship God, using similar language of adoration toward the One who sits on the throne.
- Revelation 5:8-14 (structural): Same heavenly liturgy motif—elders and living creatures worship and proclaim praise before the throne and the Lamb; includes communal acclamation and the concluding 'Amen' (5:14), linking the scenes liturgically.
- Revelation 7:9-12 (thematic): A broader heavenly worship scene in which a great multitude, elders and angels fall before the throne and praise God, with acclamations of blessing, glory and 'Amen,' echoing the response in 19:4.
- Isaiah 6:1-4 (allusion): Throne-vision with heavenly beings (seraphim) calling out praises around the divine throne; the context of prostration and constant worship provides a prophetic antecedent to Revelation's throne scenes.
- Ezekiel 1:4-28 (allusion): Visionary description of the living creatures and the divine chariot-throne; Revelation's four living creatures and throne imagery draw on Ezekiel's symbolic portrait of creatures attending God's glory.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the twenty-four elders and the four living creatures fell down and worshiped God who sits on the throne, saying, 'Amen. Hallelujah.'
- And the twenty-four elders and the four living creatures fell down and worshiped God who sat on the throne, saying, "Amen, Alleluia."
Rev.19.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- φωνη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- απο: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θρονου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- εξηλθεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- λεγουσα·Αινειτε: PART,pres,act,nom,sg,f+VERB,pres,act,imp,2,pl
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- θεω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
- παντες: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- δουλοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- φοβουμενοι: PART,pres,mp,nom,pl,m
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- μικροι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- μεγαλοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
Parallels
- Revelation 11:18 (verbal): Uses virtually identical language—God will give reward to “your servants…the saints and those who fear your name, both small and great,” echoing the summons to God’s servants and those who fear him.
- Revelation 7:15 (structural): Describes the multitude standing before the throne who ‘serve him day and night in his temple,’ linking the throne-originated summons in Rev 19:5 to the worshiping servants around the throne.
- Psalm 134:1 (verbal): A liturgical call—“Praise the Lord, you servants of the Lord”—mirrors the imperative to God’s servants to praise him, echoing the language and function of the throne-voice.
- Psalm 148:11–13 (thematic): A universal summons to praise that spans social categories (young/old; small and great), thematically paralleling Rev 19:5’s inclusive call to all who fear God, both small and great.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then a voice came from the throne, saying, 'Praise our God, all his servants, you who fear him, the small and the great.'
- Then a voice came from the throne, saying, "Praise our God, all his servants, you who fear him, small and great."
Rev.19.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ηκουσα: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,sg
- ως: ADV
- φωνην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- οχλου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- πολλου: ADJ,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- ως: ADV
- φωνην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- υδατων: NOUN,gen,pl,n
- πολλων: ADJ,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- ως: ADV
- φωνην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- βροντων: NOUN,gen,pl,f
- ισχυρων: ADJ,gen,pl,f
- λεγοντων·Αλληλουια: PART,pres,act,gen,pl,m
- οτι: CONJ
- εβασιλευσεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- κυριος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- θεος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- παντοκρατωρ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
Parallels
- Psalm 29:3-4 (verbal): Speaks of the 'voice of the LORD' over the waters and the LORD's thunderous voice — closely mirrors Revelation's 'voice of many waters' and 'mighty thunders.'
- Psalm 93:3-4 (thematic): Depicts floods and mighty waters whose roar is beneath the LORD's power; thematically aligns with the symbolism of overwhelming waters and divine might in Rev 19:6.
- Exodus 19:16-19 (allusion): The Sinai theophany (thunder, lightning, trumpet, and the voice of God) provides a background for prophetic scenes where divine presence is announced by thunderous voices — an implicit source for Rev 19:6's imagery.
- Revelation 11:15 (thematic): Proclaims that 'the kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord... and he shall reign,' paralleling Rev 19:6's proclamation that 'the Lord God, the Almighty, reigns.'
- Revelation 19:1,3 (quotation): Immediate liturgical context in Revelation repeats 'Alleluia' and celebrates God's righteous judgments; 19:6 functions as the climactic echo of this triumphant refrain.
Alternative generated candidates
- And I heard what seemed like the voice of a great multitude, like the sound of many waters and mighty peals of thunder, saying, 'Hallelujah! For the Lord our God, the Almighty, reigns.
- And I heard what seemed to be the voice of a great multitude, like the sound of many waters and loud thunders, saying, "Alleluia! For the Lord our God, the Almighty, reigns."
Rev.19.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- χαιρωμεν: VERB,pres,act,subj,1,pl
- και: CONJ
- αγαλλιωμεν: VERB,pres,act,subj,1,pl
- και: CONJ
- δωσομεν: VERB,aor,act,sub,1,pl
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- δοξαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- οτι: CONJ
- ηλθεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- γαμος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- αρνιου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- γυνη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- ητοιμασεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- εαυτην: PRON,acc,sg,f,ref
Parallels
- Isaiah 62:5 (allusion): Uses nuptial imagery—God rejoicing over Zion like a bridegroom over his bride—paralleling the joy and marriage motif in Rev 19:7.
- Matthew 25:1-13 (thematic): Parable of the ten virgins features the bridegroom's arrival and the necessity of readiness, echoing 'his wife hath made herself ready.'
- Ephesians 5:25-27 (thematic): Paul portrays Christ's love for the church as a marriage: Christ sanctifies and presents the church holy, paralleling the Lamb preparing a bride.
- 2 Corinthians 11:2 (thematic): Paul speaks of betrothing the church as a pure virgin to Christ, reflecting the espousal/marriage imagery and the church's exclusive union with Christ.
- Revelation 21:2,9-10 (structural): Within Revelation the New Jerusalem is explicitly presented as 'a bride adorned for her husband,' directly paralleling the marriage of the Lamb and the prepared wife language.
Alternative generated candidates
- Let us rejoice and exult and give him the glory, for the marriage of the Lamb has come, and his bride has made herself ready.'
- Let us rejoice and exult and give him the glory, for the marriage of the Lamb has come, and his bride has made herself ready.
Rev.19.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- εδοθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- αυτη: PRON,dat,sg,f
- ινα: CONJ
- περιβαληται: VERB,aor,mid/pass,subj,3,sg
- βυσσινον: ADJ,acc,sg,nt
- λαμπρον: ADJ,acc,sg,n
- καθαρον: ADJ,acc,sg,n
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- γαρ: PART
- βυσσινον: ADJ,acc,sg,nt
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- δικαιωματα: NOUN,nom,pl,n
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- αγιων: ADJ,gen,pl,m
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Rev 7:14 (verbal): Speaks of those who 'have washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb'—directly links white/washed garments with the sanctified status of the saints, paralleling 'fine linen… the righteous deeds of the saints.'
- Rev 21:2 (thematic): The new Jerusalem is described as 'a bride adorned for her husband,' echoing the bride imagery and the motif of being clothed/adorned found in Rev 19:8.
- Rev 22:14 (verbal): 'Blessed are those who wash their robes, so that they may have the right to the tree of life'—again ties washed/white robes to the righteous condition and reward of the faithful.
- Isa 61:10 (allusion): 'He has clothed me with garments of salvation, he has covered me with the robe of righteousness'—an OT source for the metaphor of clothing as salvation and righteousness echoed in Rev 19:8.
- Zech 3:3-5 (allusion): The removal of Joshua's filthy garments and his being clothed in clean robes symbolizes removal of sin and restoration—parallels the purifying/clothing imagery of the saints' righteous attire in Rev 19:8.
Alternative generated candidates
- It was granted her to be clothed with fine linen, bright and pure'—for the fine linen is the righteous deeds of the saints.
- It was granted her to be clothed with fine linen, bright and pure—for the fine linen is the righteous deeds of the saints.
Rev.19.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- λεγει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- μοι·Γραψον·Μακαριοι: PRON,dat,1,sg + VERB,aor,act,imp,2,sg + ADJ,nom,pl,m
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- εις: PREP
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- δειπνον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- γαμου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- αρνιου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- κεκλημενοι: PART,perf,pas,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- λεγει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- μοι·Ουτοι: PRON,dat,sg,1+DEM,nom,pl,m
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- λογοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- αληθινοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- εισιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,pl
Parallels
- Revelation 19:7-8 (structural): Immediate context: announces the marriage of the Lamb and the bride's readiness — directly tied to the 'marriage supper' statement and its affirmation as true words.
- Revelation 21:2 (thematic): The vision of the New Jerusalem as 'the bride, the wife of the Lamb' develops the same nuptial imagery and the eschatological union celebrated in the marriage supper.
- Matthew 22:1-14 (thematic): Parable of the wedding feast — uses wedding/banquet language for God's eschatological invitation, echoing the motif of being 'called' to a marriage supper.
- Matthew 25:1-13 (thematic): Parable of the ten virgins emphasizes readiness for the bridegroom and the importance of being prepared for the eschatological wedding imagery invoked in Rev 19:9.
- Isaiah 25:6-8 (allusion): Prophetic banquet language ('a feast of rich food') and the victory over death provide an Old Testament precedent for the eschatological feast portrayed as the Lord's joyous banquet.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then the angel said to me, 'Write: Blessed are those who are invited to the marriage supper of the Lamb.' And he added, 'These are the true words of God.'
- Then the angel said to me, "Write: Blessed are those who are invited to the marriage supper of the Lamb." And he added, "These are the true words of God."
Rev.19.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- επεσα: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,sg
- εμπροσθεν: PREP
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- ποδων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- προσκυνησαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- λεγει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- μοι·Ορα: PRON,dat,sg,1+VERB,pres,act,imp,2,sg
- μη·συνδουλος: PART+NOUN,nom,sg,m
- σου: PRON,gen,sg,2
- ειμι: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- και: CONJ
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- αδελφων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- σου: PRON,gen,sg,2
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- εχοντων: PART,pres,act,gen,pl,m
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- μαρτυριαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- Ιησου·τω: NOUN,gen,sg,m+ART,dat,sg,m
- θεω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- προσκυνησον·η: VERB,aor,act,imp,2,sg+ART,nom,sg,f
- γαρ: PART
- μαρτυρια: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- Ιησου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- πνευμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- προφητειας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
Parallels
- Rev.22:8-9 (verbal): Nearly identical scene and wording: John falls to worship an angel, is rebuked with the command to worship God alone; language closely parallels Rev 19:10.
- Acts 10:25-26 (thematic): Cornelius falls at Peter's feet to worship him and is rebuked—Peter insists he is a man, paralleling the prohibition against worshiping a creature.
- Acts 14:11-15 (thematic): When the Lycaonians attempt to worship Paul and Barnabas as gods, the apostles reject the worship and urge worship of the living God—same theme of refusing creature-worship.
- Matt.4:10 (Deut.6:13) (quotation): Jesus' citation of Deuteronomy—'Worship the Lord your God, and serve him only'—echoes the command in Rev 19:10 to worship God rather than an angel/creature.
- 1 Cor.12:3 (thematic): Links the Spirit with correct confession about Jesus—'No one can say “Jesus is Lord” except by the Holy Spirit'—parallels Rev 19:10's equation of the 'testimony of Jesus' with the 'spirit of prophecy' (Spirit-authenticated testimony).
Alternative generated candidates
- I fell at his feet to worship him, but he said to me, 'See that you do not do that! I am a fellow servant with you and with your brothers who hold the testimony of Jesus. Worship God. For the testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy.'
- Then I fell at his feet to worship him, but he said to me, "See that you do not do that. I am a fellow servant with you and with your brothers who bear the testimony of Jesus. Worship God. For the testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy."
After these things I heard what sounded like the loud voice of a great multitude in heaven, saying, 'Hallelujah! Salvation and glory and power belong to our God.'
For his judgments are true and just; for he has judged the great prostitute who corrupted the earth by her fornication, and has avenged the blood of his servants upon her.
Again they said, 'Hallelujah!' and the smoke of her torment rises for ever and ever. And the twenty-four elders and the four living creatures fell down and worshiped God who sits on the throne, saying, 'Amen. Hallelujah.'
Then a voice came from the throne, saying, 'Praise our God, all his servants, you who fear him, both small and great.'
I heard as it were the voice of a great multitude, like the sound of many waters and of loud thunderings, saying, 'Hallelujah! For the Lord our God, the Almighty, reigns.'
Let us rejoice and be glad and give him glory, for the marriage of the Lamb has come, and his bride has made herself ready.
It was granted her to be clothed in fine linen, bright and pure—fine linen being the righteous deeds of the saints. And the angel said to me, 'Write: Blessed are those who are invited to the marriage supper of the Lamb.' And he added, 'These are the true words of God.'
Then I fell at his feet to worship him. But he said to me, 'Do not do that; I am a fellow servant with you and with your brothers who hold to the testimony of Jesus. Worship God. For the testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy.'