Amnon's Crime against Tamar
2 Samuel 13:1-22
2 S.13.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אחרי: PREP
- כן: ADV
- ולאבשלום: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,prop
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחות: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יפה: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ושמה: CONJ+ADV,loc
- תמר: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- ויאהבה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg,obj:3f
- אמנון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 34 (thematic): Dinah is violated by Shechem; like Tamar's case this episode centers on a sister's sexual violation and the family honor and violent repercussions that follow.
- Genesis 38 (allusion): Features another woman named Tamar and deals with sexual relations, family rights, and injustice within a patriarchal household, creating a literary/thematic resonance with 2 Sam 13's Tamar.
- 2 Samuel 11:1–27 (thematic): David's adultery with Bathsheba and its fallout introduce the pattern of royal sexual wrongdoing and familial crisis that culminates in the Amnon–Tamar–Absalom saga.
- 2 Samuel 13:11–14 (structural): Direct continuation of the present verse: these verses narrate Amnon's assault of Tamar, the immediate fulfillment of the desire introduced in 13:1 and its tragic consequences.
- Judges 19 (thematic): The gang‑rape and murder of the Levite's concubine similarly portray brutal sexual violence within a kin/community context and precipitate wider social and political upheaval.
Alternative generated candidates
- And it came to pass afterward that Absalom the son of David had a sister, a beautiful woman, and her name was Tamar; and Amnon the son of David loved her.
- And it came to pass afterward that Absalom the son of David had a sister, a very beautiful woman, and her name was Tamar; and Amnon the son of David loved her.
2 S.13.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויצר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לאמנון: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- להתחלות: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- בעבור: PREP
- תמר: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- אחתו: NOUN,f,sg,cons,3,m
- כי: CONJ
- בתולה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- היא: PRON,dem,3,f,sg
- ויפלא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- בעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- אמנון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לעשות: VERB,qal,inf
- לה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- מאומה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 13:14 (structural): Immediate continuation/parallel within the episode — records Amnon’s refusal to heed Tamar’s pleas and his consummation of the assault (direct narrative parallel and completion of the action described in v.2).
- Genesis 34 (thematic): Shechem’s rape of Dinah parallels sexual violence against a sister/daughter and the ensuing family/honor crisis; both narratives link sexual assault to inter-family violence and vengeance.
- Genesis 39:7-20 (thematic): Potiphar’s wife’s attempted seduction of Joseph offers a contrast in which a sexual advance targets a member of the household and results in false accusation and disgrace — shared themes of illicit sexual desire, power dynamics, and consequences.
- Deuteronomy 22:23-27 (allusion): Legal regulation distinguishing rape and consensual intercourse in the city/field provides the Mosaic legal backdrop for understanding sexual violence and honor in narrative cases like Amnon’s assault on Tamar.
- Judges 19:1-30 (thematic): The brutal rape of the Levite’s concubine and the catastrophic communal fallout echo the themes of sexual violence within Israel, honor-defilement, and violent communal reprisals present in Amnon/Tamar episode.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Amnon was so tormented that he became sick because of his sister Tamar; for she was a virgin, and it seemed improper to Amnon to do anything to her.
- And it was a vexation unto Amnon to have his sister Tamar; for she was a virgin, and it seemed strange to Amnon to do anything to her.
2 S.13.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולאמנון: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רע: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ושמו: CONJ,NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- יונדב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שמעה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- אחי: NOUN,m,pl,suff
- דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויונדב: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חכם: ADJ,m,sg
- מאד: ADV
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 13:5 (structural): Direct continuation: Jonadab gives the specific counsel to Amnon that initiates the deceitful stratagem mentioned in v.3; shows Jonadab's craftiness in action.
- 2 Samuel 13:14 (structural): The outcome of Jonadab's counsel — Amnon's assault of Tamar — demonstrating the destructive results of following the advice of a crafty friend.
- 2 Samuel 13:28 (thematic): Absalom's revenge (the killing of Amnon) is a later consequence in the same narrative arc that began with Jonadab's crafty plotting.
- Proverbs 1:10-15 (thematic): Warning against consenting to the enticement of sinners; parallels the danger of bad counsel and being led into wicked action as with Jonadab and Amnon.
- Proverbs 13:20 (thematic): Contrasts the effects of companions — walking with the wise versus companions who bring ruin — highlighting the theme of a harmful friend (Jonadab) whose influence leads to disaster.
Alternative generated candidates
- But Amnon had a companion, whose name was Jonadab son of Shimeah, David’s brother; and Jonadab was a very clever man.
- But Amnon had a friend whose name was Jonadab son of Shimeah, David’s brother; and Jonadab was a very sensible man.
2 S.13.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- מדוע: ADV
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- ככה: ADV
- דל: ADJ,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בבקר: PREP
- בבקר: PREP
- הלוא: PART
- תגיד: VERB,hiphil,impf,2,m,sg
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- אמנון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- תמר: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- אחות: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אבשלם: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- אחי: NOUN,m,pl,suff
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- אהב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 13:1 (structural): Immediate narrative background: introduces Amnon's obsessive love for Tamar that prompts the conversation in v.4 — sets up motive and context.
- 2 Samuel 13:14 (structural): Direct narrative consequence: Amnon's declaration of love in v.4 leads to the rape of Tamar in v.14 — continuity of the same episode.
- 2 Samuel 13:21 (thematic): Aftermath theme: shows the reversal from apparent love to hatred and the reporting to David, illustrating the destructive consequences of Amnon's desire first voiced in v.4.
- 2 Samuel 13:23-29 (structural): Longer-term consequence: Absalom's calculated revenge and the murder of Amnon — a direct fallout from the episode that begins with Amnon's professed love in v.4.
- Genesis 34:1-31 (thematic): Thematic parallel of sexual violence within a family (Dinah/Shechem) followed by deceit and violent retaliation by the woman's male relatives — similar pattern of assault and vengeful family response as in Amnon/Tamar.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he said to him, "Why are you like this, O son of the king? Rise, tell me." And Amnon said to him, "I love Tamar, the sister of Absalom my brother."
- And he said to him, “Why are you so sad, O son of the king, morning after morning? Will you not tell me?” And Amnon said to him, “I love Tamar, the sister of Absalom my brother.”
2 S.13.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- יהונדב: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- שכב: VERB,qal,inf
- על: PREP
- משכבך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+pronominal,2,m,sg
- והתחל: VERB,hitpael,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- ובא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אביך: NOUN,m,sg,suff+2ms
- לראותך: VERB,qal,infc+pronominal,2,m,sg
- ואמרת: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- תבא: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
- נא: PART
- תמר: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- אחותי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+pronominal,1,sg
- ותברני: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg+pronominal,1,sg
- לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועשתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- לעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,cons
- את: PRT,acc
- הבריה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- למען: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אראה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- ואכלתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- מידה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 13:14 (structural): Direct narrative fulfillment: Amnon follows Jonadab's plan and rapes Tamar. Verse 13:5 sets up the deception that 13:14 completes.
- 2 Samuel 13:20-22 (structural): Immediate aftermath and consequences: Tamar's mourning, Amnon's hatred, and the family rupture that leads to Absalom's vengeance—shows the social and familial fallout initiated by the scheme in 13:5.
- 2 Samuel 13:28-29 (structural): Retributive outcome: Absalom's murder of Amnon at the sheep-shearing—direct long-term consequence of the deception and assault first engineered in 13:5.
- Genesis 34:1-31 (thematic): Shechem's defilement of Dinah and the deceptive/violent response by her brothers: parallels the rape of a sister, familial dishonor, and violent reprisals within the clan.
- Judges 19:22-30 (thematic): The gang rape of the Levite's concubine and the ensuing outrage/ civil war: another Israelite episode of sexual violence in the domestic sphere that produces communal upheaval, echoing the social pattern found in 2 Sam 13.
Alternative generated candidates
- Jonadab said to him, "Lie down and feign yourself ill. And when your father comes to see you, say to him, 'Let Tamar my sister come and make cakes in my sight, and set them before me, that I may eat from her hand.'"
- Then Jonadab said to him, “Lie down on your bed and pretend to be sick; and when your father comes to see you, say to him, ‘Let Tamar my sister come and make food in my sight, and let her feed me with her hand, that I may see and eat.’”
2 S.13.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישכב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אמנון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויתחל: VERB,hitpael,impf,3,m,sg
- ויבא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לראתו: PREP
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אמנון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- תבוא: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- נא: PART
- תמר: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- אחתי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1cs
- ותלבב: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- לעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,cons
- שתי: NUM,card,f,du
- לבבות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ואברה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- מידה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 39:7-12 (thematic): Both passages portray a sexual advance within a household context, with the woman initiating or pressing the encounter and the man responding to temptation and deception; Genesis 39 illustrates seduction, false pretext, and shameful intent similar to Amnon's scheme.
- Genesis 34:1-2 (thematic): Dinah's violation by Shechem parallels Tamar's experience thematically: a sister is sexually taken, triggering family dishonor and subsequent violent repercussions.
- 2 Samuel 11:1-5 (thematic): David's sexual transgression with Bathsheba shares themes of royal sexual misconduct, abuse of power, secrecy, and the intimate-family consequences that destabilize the household and kingdom.
- 2 Samuel 13:10-14 (structural): Immediate continuation of the episode: these verses narrate the actual assault after Amnon's request in 13:6, making them a direct narrative parallel (cause and effect) to the verse in question.
Alternative generated candidates
- So Amnon lay down and feigned himself ill. And when the king came to see him, Amnon said to the king, "Please let Tamar my sister come and make cakes for me, that I may eat from her hand."
- So Amnon lay down and pretended to be sick; and when the king came to see him, Amnon said to the king, “Please let Tamar my sister come and make food in my sight, and feed me.”
2 S.13.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- תמר: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- הביתה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- לכי: VERB,qal,imp,2,f,sg
- נא: PART
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אמנון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחיך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- ועשי: VERB,qal,impv,2,f,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- הבריה: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 13:5 (structural): Amnon's request that Tamar be sent to him (he feigns illness) sets up David's sending of Tamar in 13:7 — the immediate narrative prelude to the encounter.
- 2 Samuel 13:14-15 (structural): Direct narrative continuation: after Tamar is sent to Amnon she is seized and raped, showing the outcome of David's instruction in 13:7.
- Genesis 34:2 (thematic): Dinah is seized and defiled by Shechem — a thematically parallel episode of sexual violence against a sister with ensuing family repercussions.
- Judges 19:22-24 (thematic): The Levite's concubine is abused by men in a house at Gibeah — another brutal instance of domestic/household sexual violence and its social fallout.
- Deuteronomy 22:23-27 (thematic): Legal stipulations about rape (city vs. field) provide the law-code context for understanding biblical responses to sexual assault as in the Tamar/Amnon case.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then David sent to Tamar at her brother's house, saying, "Go now to the house of Amnon your brother and make food for him."
- Then David sent home to Tamar, saying, “Go now to the house of Amnon your brother, and make him a meal.”
2 S.13.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- תמר: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אמנון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחיה: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- והוא: CONJ+PRON,3,m,sg
- שכב: VERB,qal,inf
- ותקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הבצק: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ותלש: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- ותלבב: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- לעיניו: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+pr,3,m
- ותבשל: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הלבבות: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 13:11 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same episode — Amnon summons Tamar into his house under false pretenses, leading directly to the assault begun in v.8.
- Genesis 34:1-3 (thematic): Dinah goes out to visit the local women and is seized by Shechem; parallels include a woman’s movement to another house and ensuing sexual violence and its social ramifications.
- Genesis 39:7-12 (thematic): Potiphar’s wife repeatedly attempts to seduce Joseph in a domestic setting and uses the household to entrap him — similar motifs of sexual solicitation within a home and abuse of intimacy/power.
- Proverbs 7:6-23 (thematic): A young man is seduced through enticement and staged intimacy (bed, food, talk); parallels the motif of calculated entrapment and sexual temptation.
- Genesis 38:12-18 (structural): Tamar disguises herself to seduce Judah and obtains intercourse through stratagem; shares themes of deception, sexual encounter arranged through a domestic encounter, and later social/legal consequences.
Alternative generated candidates
- So Tamar went to the house of Amnon her brother; and he was lying down. And she took the dough and kneaded it and made the cakes before his eyes, and baked them.
- So Tamar went to the house of Amnon her brother; and he was lying down. She took the dough, kneaded it, made the cakes in his sight, and baked them.
2 S.13.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- המשרת: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ותצק: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- לפניו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- וימאן: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- לאכול: VERB,qal,inf
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אמנון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הוציאו: VERB,hiphil,impv,2,pl
- כל: DET
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מעלי: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- ויצאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- כל: DET
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מעליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Genesis 39:7-12 (verbal): Potiphar’s wife attempts to seduce Joseph with the language 'lie with me' and he refuses and flees — a close verbal and situational parallel (attempted sexual advance in a domestic setting, refusal and effort to exclude others).
- Judges 19:22-30 (thematic): The brutal rape of the Levite’s concubine in a house of hospitality: thematically parallels sexual violence within a household and its destructive consequences for family and community.
- Genesis 34:2 (thematic): Dinah is violated by Shechem; both passages center on the sexual violation of a daughter/sister in a family context and the ensuing family crisis and retaliation.
- Deuteronomy 22:23-27 (structural): Legal statutes distinguishing rape in a town versus in the country and the required communal responses — provides the legal/ethical framework against which narrative episodes of sexual assault (like Amnon/Tamar) are read and judged.
Alternative generated candidates
- She took the pan and set it before him, but he refused to eat. And Amnon said, "Send all the men away from me." So all the servants went out from him.
- And she took the pan and set it before him; but he refused to eat. And Amnon said, “Send everyone away from me.” So they all went out from him.
2 S.13.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אמנון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- תמר: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- הביאי: VERB,hiphil,impv,2,f,sg
- הבריה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- החדר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואברה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מידך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- ותקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- תמר: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- הלבבות: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עשתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- ותבא: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- לאמנון: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg
- אחיה: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- החדרה: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 13:11-14 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation: Amnon seizes Tamar in the chamber and rapes her—directly completes the action begun in 13:10.
- Genesis 39:7-12 (thematic): Potiphar’s wife attempts sexual assault in a domestic setting; parallels the attempted seduction/enticement and the tensions of power and privacy (contrast in Joseph’s resistance).
- 2 Samuel 11:2-4 (thematic): David summons Bathsheba and sleeps with her after seeing her bathing—similar dynamic of a man in authority procuring sexual access to a woman and the resulting moral and social consequences.
- Judges 19:22-26 (thematic): The Levite’s concubine is abused by men inside a house, producing communal outrage and violent fallout—parallels Tamar’s sexual violence and the ensuing family and national crisis.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then Amnon said to Tamar, "Bring the food into the chamber, that I may eat from your hand." So Tamar took the cakes which she had made and brought them to Amnon her brother into the chamber.
- Then Amnon said to Tamar, “Bring the food into the chamber, that I may eat of your hand.” So Tamar took the cakes which she had made and brought them to Amnon her brother in the chamber.
2 S.13.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותגש: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- לאכל: INF,qal
- ויחזק: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- בואי: VERB,qal,impv,2,f,sg
- שכבי: VERB,qal,impv,2,f,sg
- עמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s
- אחותי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg
Parallels
- Genesis 34:2 (thematic): Shechem’s rape of Dinah parallels Amnon’s assault of Tamar: both depict a man of status “lying with” a woman of the household, producing family dishonor and crisis.
- Judges 19:25-26 (thematic): The brutal gang rape and abuse of the Levite’s concubine uses similar language of sexual violence and yields communal outrage, echoing the motif of sexual assault within Israelite narratives.
- Genesis 39:11-12 (thematic): Potiphar’s wife’s attempt to seize Joseph in her house presents a parallel household seduction/assault dynamic—similar power imbalance and use of physical coercion, though Joseph resists.
- Deuteronomy 22:25-27 (structural): The law concerning a man who meets a betrothed woman in the field and forces her employs similar verbs and addresses legal/ethical responses to forcible intercourse, framing how such acts are judged.
Alternative generated candidates
- And when she had brought them to him to eat, he took hold of her and said to her, "Come, lie with me, my sister."
- And when she had brought them to him to eat, he seized her and said to her, “Come, lie with me, my sister.”
2 S.13.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- אחי: NOUN,m,pl,suff
- אל: NEG
- תענני: VERB,piel,impf,2,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- לא: PART_NEG
- יעשה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- כן: ADV
- בישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- תעשה: VERB,qal,imf,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הנבלה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Judges 19:25-30 (thematic): Narrative of brutal sexual violence against a woman and the ensuing charge that such an outrage is intolerable 'in Israel'—parallels Tamar's appeal to communal norms and the idea that this act is a disgrace to Israel.
- Genesis 34:2, 13-16 (thematic): Dinah's rape by Shechem and the subsequent negotiation (offers of marriage/assimilation) echo Tamar's resistance and the social/communal questions about honour, marriage, and covering a sexual violation.
- Deuteronomy 22:23-27 (thematic): Legal regulation distinguishing raped and consensual sexual encounters and prescribing communal responses—relevant background to Tamar's appeal that such an act 'ought not be done in Israel.'
- Exodus 22:16-17 (thematic): Law requiring a man who seduces a virgin to marry her (or pay a bride-price) contrasts with Tamar's refusal of any such resolution and highlights ancient social options invoked or resisted in cases of sexual violation.
- 2 Samuel 13:14-15 (structural): Immediate continuation of the scene: Amnon ignores Tamar's protest ('he would not listen') and the rape occurs—direct narrative parallel showing the failure of Tamar's appeal.
Alternative generated candidates
- But she said to him, "No, my brother; do not force me. Such a thing is not done in Israel; do not commit this wickedness.
- But she said to him, “No, my brother — do not force me; for such a thing is not done in Israel; do not do this abomination.
2 S.13.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואני: PRON,1,sg
- אנה: ADV,interrog
- אוליך: VERB,qal,imprf,1,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- חרפתי: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:1,sg
- ואתה: CONJ+PRON,2,m,sg
- תהיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,f,sg
- כאחד: PREP
- הנבלים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- בישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועתה: CONJ
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נא: PART
- אל: NEG
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- כי: CONJ
- לא: PART_NEG
- ימנעני: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg,ps:1,sg
- ממך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Exodus 22:16–17 (thematic): Laws about a man who seduces/deflowers a virgin and the remedy of marriage or payment — parallels Tamar’s appeal to a social/legal remedy (‘speak to the king…he will not withhold me’).
- Deuteronomy 22:25–27 (thematic): Provision distinguishing rape from consensual intercourse and the community’s responsibility for the victim’s shame — relates to Tamar’s question ‘where shall I carry my disgrace?’ and the legal/social consequences of sexual violence.
- Genesis 34:1–7 (thematic): Dinah’s defilement by Shechem and the resulting family concern for honor and justice — thematically parallels Tamar’s loss of honor and the call for remedial action on her behalf.
- Genesis 39:7–20 (thematic): Potiphar’s wife’s attempt to force herself on Joseph, his flight, and her false accusation — parallels issues of sexual assault, the victim’s vulnerability, and subsequent damage to reputation/standing.
- 2 Samuel 13:21 (structural): Immediate narrative follow-up: David’s anger when he hears the matter — connects to Tamar’s instruction to ‘speak to the king’ and the expected royal response referenced in v.13.
Alternative generated candidates
- Where would I carry my disgrace? And what would be the outcome for you, since you would be as one of the scoundrels in Israel? Now speak to the king, for he will not withhold me from you."
- And as for me, where could I carry my shame? And you would be as one of the vilest men in Israel. Now therefore speak to the king; for he will not withhold me from you.”
2 S.13.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולא: CONJ
- אבה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לשמע: INF,qal,infc
- בקולה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
- ויחזק: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ממנה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- ויענה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- וישכב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Genesis 34:2 (verbal): Shechem 'took her and lay with her'—a parallel act of sexual violation within a family/clan context; both narratives use similar language of 'lay with' and lead to family outrage.
- Judges 19:25-28 (thematic): Graphic episode of sexual violence against a woman in a household setting; thematically similar in its depiction of rape, abuse, and ensuing communal horror and breakdown of social order.
- Deuteronomy 22:25-27 (structural): Legal treatment of a man seizing and raping a betrothed woman in the countryside; supplies the legal/moral framework against which narratives of sexual assault (like Amnon/Tamar) are judged.
- 2 Samuel 13:1-5 (structural): Immediate narrative lead-up: Amnon's desire and deceptive plan (feigning illness and isolating Tamar) that set the stage for the forced intercourse described in v.14.
- 2 Samuel 13:15-22 (thematic): Direct aftermath of the rape: Amnon's hatred, Tamar's desolation, and Absalom's vow of revenge—highlights consequences and familial rupture resulting from the assault.
Alternative generated candidates
- However he would not listen to her; and being stronger than she, he violated her.
- But he would not listen to her; and being stronger than she, he violated her and lay with her.
2 S.13.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישנאה: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg,OBJ=3,f,sg
- אמנון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שנאה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- גדולה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- מאד: ADV
- כי: CONJ
- גדולה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- השנאה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- שנאה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מאהבה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אהבה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- אמנון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קומי: VERB,qal,imp,2,f,sg
- לכי: VERB,qal,impv,2,f,sg
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 13:14 (verbal): Immediate preceding verse describes the rape and Amnon's command to Tamar to 'get thee gone'; v.15 restates and intensifies the emotional turn—hatred replacing prior desire.
- 2 Samuel 13:1–22 (structural): The whole Amnon–Tamar episode; v.15 is part of this narrative arc showing desire, violence, and the destructive reversal from affection to hatred.
- 2 Samuel 13:21–22 (thematic): Absalom's fury and plotting after Tamar's violation show the wider repercussions of Amnon's act and the chain of hatred set off by the crime.
- Genesis 34:2–4 (thematic): Shechem's intercourse with Dinah (defilement) and the complicated aftermath—a man’s sexual taking that produces claims of love yet leads to conflict—parallels the dynamic of desire, violation, and consequences.
- Psalm 55:12–14 (thematic): Psalmist laments a close companion whose goodwill turns to enmity; thematically echoes the betrayal motif—affection turning into intense hatred as in Amnon's sudden reversal.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then Amnon hated her with a very great hatred; the hatred with which he hated her was greater than the love with which he had loved her. And Amnon said to her, "Arise, be gone."
- Then Amnon hated her with a very great hatred; the hatred with which he hated her was greater than the love with which he had loved her. And Amnon said to her, “Arise, be gone.”
2 S.13.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- אודת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- הרעה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הגדולה: ADJ,f,sg,def
- הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def
- מאחרת: ADV
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עשית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- עמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s
- לשלחני: VERB,qal,infc,1,sg
- ולא: CONJ
- אבה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לשמע: INF,qal,infc
- לה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 13:11-15 (structural): Immediate narrative context: Tamar's plea to be treated honorably and Amnon's refusal, followed by the sexual assault described in the surrounding verses.
- Genesis 39:7-12 (thematic): Contrasting episode of sexual solicitation and resistance (Joseph refusing Potiphar's wife); highlights themes of attempted seduction, refusal, and moral/ethical responses to sexual advances.
- Judges 19:25-30 (thematic): The Levite's concubine is brutally abused and dishonored, provoking outrage and questions of protection, shame, and family/community response—paralleling the violence and its social consequences.
- Deuteronomy 22:23-27 (structural): Legal stipulation distinguishing rape in the city and in the field and prescribing consequences; provides a legal framework relevant to understanding ancient responses to sexual assault like Tamar's.
- Genesis 34:1-31 (thematic): Dinah's violation by Shechem and the subsequent negotiations, shame, and violent family retribution echo themes of sexual violence, honor, and familial fallout found in Tamar's story.
Alternative generated candidates
- She said to him, "No, this wrong you have done to me is great; send me away now, that I may be cleansed of my shame." But he would not listen to her.
- So she said to him, “No, this wrong you have done me is a great one; and he has even ruined me. But he would not listen to her.
2 S.13.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויקרא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- נערו: NOUN,m,sg,poss3ms
- משרתו: NOUN,m,sg,poss3ms
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שלחו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
- נא: PART
- את: PRT,acc
- זאת: DEM,f,sg
- מעלי: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- החוצה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ונעל: VERB,qal,wayy,3,m,sg
- הדלת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אחריה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- 2 Sam.13.15-20 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel — verses before and after record the rape (v.15), Amnon’s hatred of Tamar and his command to send her away/lock the door (v.17), and Tamar’s mourning and Absalom’s reaction (vv.20–22). Shows the local sequence and consequences of the act.
- Gen.39:11-12 (verbal): Potiphar’s wife seizes Joseph and closes the house door during the attempted sexual encounter; Joseph flees and the garment is left behind. Shares the closed-door motif and the dynamics of an attempted sexual violation in a private chamber.
- Judg.19:25-26,29 (thematic): The Levite’s concubine is brutally raped through the night and released at dawn; the narrative examines sexual violence, the victim’s aftermath, and communal outrage — thematically parallel to Tamar’s rape and its social/retributive consequences.
- Deut.22:25-27 (thematic): Legal treatment of sexual assault in the law code (distinguishing forced intercourse in the field from consensual acts in the town). Offers a legal/thematic parallel regarding culpability, victim protection, and the social framing of rape, relevant to interpreting Amnon’s act and its aftermath.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then he called his young man who served him and said, "Put this woman out from me, and bolt the door after her."
- Then he called his young man who waited on him and said, “Put this woman out from me and bolt the door after her.”
2 S.13.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועליה: PREP,על,3,f,sg
- כתנת: NOUN,f,sg,const
- פסים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- כי: CONJ
- כן: ADV
- תלבשן: VERB,qal,imprf,3,f,pl
- בנות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הבתולת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- מעילים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אותה: PRON,dem,3,f,sg
- משרתו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,pss:3,m,sg
- החוץ: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ונעל: VERB,qal,wayy,3,m,sg
- הדלת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אחריה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Genesis 37:3 (verbal): Both texts mention a ketonet passim/coat of many colours — a distinctive garment that marks status and identity.
- Genesis 39:12 (verbal): In both narratives a garment figures in a sexual encounter/assault scene (Joseph's garment is seized/left behind; Tamar's robe identifies her as a king's daughter and becomes part of the assault episode).
- Genesis 38:14-15 (thematic): Tamar (Judah's daughter‑in‑law) uses clothing/veiling to assume an identity in a sexual encounter—shows similar motifs of clothing mediating sexual access and social role.
- 2 Samuel 11:2-4 (thematic): Both episodes occur within the royal household and involve sexual transgression by a man of power against a woman connected to the king’s sphere (palace context, abuse of authority).
- Psalm 45:13-14 (thematic): A royal daughter’s special garments symbolize rank and honor—parallels the description that 'the king’s daughters wore such garments,' linking clothing to royal status.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now she was wearing a richly ornamented robe, for thus were the virgin daughters of the king clothed. And his servant put her out and bolted the door after her.
- And his servant put her out and bolted the door after her. Now she had a richly ornamented robe on, for thus were the virgin daughters of the king clothed.
2 S.13.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ותקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- תמר: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- אפר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- ראשה: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,f,sg
- וכתנת: NOUN,f,sg,cons+conj
- הפסים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
- קרעה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- ותשם: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- ידה: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3s
- על: PREP
- ראשה: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,f,sg
- ותלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- הלוך: VERB,qal,part,3,m,sg
- וזעקה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Gen.37.34 (verbal): Jacob 'tore his clothes' and put on sackcloth when mourning Joseph; uses the same verb and the distinctive term kuttonet/passim (coat of many colors) echoes Tamar's kuttonet hapasim, linking garments and public mourning.
- Job 2.12 (verbal): Job's friends 'tore their robes' and 'sprinkled dust on their heads'—the combination of tearing clothing and casting dust/ashes on the head parallels Tamar's actions as signs of grief and humiliation.
- Esther 4.1–3 (verbal): Mordecai 'tore his clothes, put on sackcloth and ashes, and went out into the city, crying'—a near-identical ritual expression of mourning and protest to Tamar's tearing of her garment, ashes on her head, and crying.
- Lam.2.10 (thematic): Lamentations depicts elders and women 'casting dust on their heads' and sitting in mourning; thematically parallels Tamar's public signs of mourning and the communal language of grief and shame.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Tamar put ashes on her head and tore the richly ornamented robe that was on her, and laid her hand on her head and went away crying aloud as she went.
- Then Tamar put ashes on her head, and tore the richly ornamented robe that she had on, and laid her hand on her head and went away, crying as she went.
2 S.13.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אליה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- אבשלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחיה: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- האמינון: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- אחיך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- עמך: NOUN,m,sg,suff-2m
- ועתה: CONJ
- אחותי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg
- החרישי: VERB,qal,imperat,2,f,sg
- אחיך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- תשיתי: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- לבך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- לדבר: INF,qal
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- ותשב: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- תמר: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- ושממה: CONJ+ADJ,f,sg
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אבשלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחיה: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 13:1-14 (structural): The immediate narrative of Amnon's scheme and the rape of Tamar; v.20 belongs to this episode and echoes its language and setting (Amnon as her brother, Tamar's violation).
- 2 Samuel 13:28-29 (structural): The narrative consequence: Absalom's plot and the killing of Amnon. These verses form the direct sequel to v.20, showing the brotherly vengeance that follows Tamar's desolation.
- Genesis 34:1-31 (thematic): Dinah's rape by Shechem and the violent response of her brothers (Simeon and Levi) — parallels themes of a sister's sexual violation, family honor, and fraternal retaliation in Israelite narrative tradition.
- Genesis 38:12-26 (allusion): The other biblical Tamar (daughter‑in‑law of Judah) is deceived/sexually compromised and marginalized; the shared name and motif of a wronged woman left desolate suggest a literary/ thematic echo concerning sexual violation and female vulnerability.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then Absalom her brother said to her, "Has Amnon your brother been with you? Hold your peace now, my sister; he is your brother—do not let this thing bother you." So Tamar remained desolate in her brother Absalom's house.
- And Absalom her brother said to her, “Has Amnon your brother been with you? Hold your peace now, my sister; he is your brother — do not let this thing move you to speak.” So Tamar remained desolate in the house of Absalom her brother.
2 S.13.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והמלך: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שמע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- הדברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- האלה: DEM,pl
- ויחר: VERB,qal,imf,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- מאד: ADV
Parallels
- Genesis 34:7 (verbal): When Dinah was defiled, Jacob’s sons ‘their anger was greatly kindled’ — similar wording and a parallel response of intense anger to sexual violation within the family.
- Judges 19:29-30 (thematic): After the Levite’s concubine is abused and dies, the community reacts with outrage and grief; thematically parallels rape within a household/clan provoking strong anger and social consequences.
- 2 Samuel 13:28-29 (structural): Immediate narrative consequence: Absalom arranges Amnon’s murder. Structural parallel showing how David’s anger (not acted upon) is followed by violent retribution.
- 2 Samuel 3:31-36 (thematic): When Abner is killed David publicly grieves and the people observe the king’s emotional response to internal bloodshed — parallels the motif of a king’s strong feelings when violence touches his house or realm.
Alternative generated candidates
- And King David heard all these things, and it was very grievous to him.
- Now when King David heard of all these things, he burned with anger.
2 S.13.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ולא: CONJ
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אבשלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עם: PREP
- אמנון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למרע: ADV
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- טוב: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- כי: CONJ
- שנא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- אבשלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- אמנון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ענה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- תמר: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- אחתו: NOUN,f,sg,cons,3,m
Parallels
- 2 Sam.13.14 (verbal): Describes the assault on Tamar ('he lay with her'), the specific act that the verse cites as the reason for Absalom's hatred.
- 2 Sam.13.23-29 (structural): Narrative continuation: Absalom's refusal to speak to Amnon precedes his plotted revenge and the murder of Amnon at the sheep-shearing feast.
- Gen.34 (thematic): The rape of Dinah by Shechem and her brothers' violent retaliation parallels the motif of sexual violation of a sister provoking family vengeance.
- Judg.19-21 (thematic): The Levite's concubine is raped and abused, leading to collective outrage and bloody retribution—another cycle of sexual violence precipitating clan/tribal vengeance.
- Deut.22:25-27 (allusion): Legal instructions distinguishing rape (violent assault) and its social-legal implications provide jurisprudential background to responses against sexual violence in the narrative world.
Alternative generated candidates
- But Absalom did not speak to Amnon, either good or bad, for Absalom hated Amnon because he had defiled Tamar his sister.
- But Absalom did not speak to Amnon either good or bad; for Absalom hated Amnon because he had violated Tamar his sister.
And it came about after this that Absalom the son of David had a sister, a beautiful woman, and her name was Tamar; and Amnon the son of David loved her. And Amnon was so distressed because of Tamar his sister that he became ill; for she was a virgin, and it seemed to Amnon a strange thing to do anything to her. Now Amnon had a companion whose name was Jonadab son of Shimeah, David's brother; and Jonadab was a very shrewd man. And Jonadab said to him, 'Why are you like this, O son of the king? Morning by morning—will you not tell me?' And Amnon said to him, 'I love Tamar, the sister of Absalom my brother.' And Jonadab said to him, 'Lie down and pretend to be ill; and when your father comes to see you say, "Please let Tamar my sister come and make me a couple of cakes in my sight, and prepare them before me, that I may see and eat from her hand."' So Amnon lay down and feigned himself sick; and when the king came to see him, Amnon said to the king, 'Please let Tamar my sister come and make the cakes in my sight so that I may eat from her hand.'
Then David sent to Tamar at her house, saying, 'Go now to the house of Amnon your brother and prepare food for him.' So Tamar went to the house of Amnon her brother, and he was lying down; and she took the dough and kneaded it, and made the cakes in his sight, and baked them before him. And she took the pan and set it before him, but he refused to eat. Amnon said, 'Send everyone away from me.' So all the men went out from him.
Then Amnon said to Tamar, 'Bring the food into the bedroom, that I may eat from your hand.' So Tamar took the cakes which she had made and brought them to Amnon her brother in the chamber.
When she had brought them to him to eat, he took hold of her and said, 'Come, lie with me, my sister.' But she said to him, 'No, my brother, do not violate me, for such a thing should not be done in Israel; do not do this outrageous thing.'
I will be put to shame—where could I be put to shame?—and you would be like one of the worthless fellows in Israel. Now speak to the king, for he will not withhold me from you.'
Yet he would not heed her voice; and he overpowered her and violated her.
Then Amnon hated her with a very great hatred; hatred was greater than the love which he had first felt for her. And Amnon said to her, 'Arise, go.'
She said to him, 'No, this grievous wrong which you have done to me is greater than the other things you have done to me—send me away from you;' but he refused to listen to her.
Then he called the young man who served him and said, 'Put this woman out of my presence and bolt the door after her.' Now she was wearing a richly ornamented robe, for with such garments the king's virgin daughters were clothed. His servant put her out and bolted the door after her. And Tamar put ashes on her head, and tore the ornate robe that was on her, and put her hand on her head and went away, crying aloud as she went.
Then Absalom her brother said to her, 'Has Amnon your brother been with you? Be quiet now, my sister; he is your brother; do not let this thing trouble your heart.' So Tamar remained desolate in Absalom her brother's house. And David heard of all these things, and it displeased him greatly. But Absalom did not speak with Amnon either good or bad; for Absalom hated Amnon because he had violated Tamar his sister.