The Call to Rebuild the Temple
Haggai 1:1-15
Hag.1.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בשנת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- שתים: NUM,f,pl,abs
- לדריוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בחדש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- הששי: NUM,ord,m,sg,def
- ביום: PREP
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- לחדש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ביד: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- חגי: NOUN,prop,sg,abs
- הנביא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אל: NEG
- זרבבל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שאלתיאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פחת: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוצדק: NOUN,prop,sg,abs
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הגדול: ADJ,m,sg,def
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Zechariah 1:1 (structural): Same prophetic opening formula and dating (’in the second year of Darius the king’); both introduce oracle prophets addressing postexilic restoration concerns.
- Haggai 2:1 (structural): Same prophet addressing the same leaders (Zerubbabel and Joshua) at a later date — continuation of the prophetic ministry and instructions concerning the temple rebuilding.
- Ezra 5:1 (allusion): Narrative account that explicitly links Haggai (and Zechariah) with renewed prophetic activity that spurred the people and governors to resume rebuilding the temple.
- Ezra 3:2-8 (thematic): Describes Zerubbabel and Jeshua (Joshua) leading the people in reestablishing the altar and beginning temple work — matches the persons and rebuilding context of Haggai 1:1.
- Zechariah 4:6-10 (thematic): Oracle addressed to Zerubbabel promising God's enabling (’not by might nor by power…’) for finishing the temple, echoing Haggai’s concern to motivate the leaders for the reconstruction task.
Alternative generated candidates
- In the second year of King Darius, in the sixth month, on the first day of the month, the word of the LORD came by Haggai the prophet to Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and to Joshua son of Jehozadak the high priest, saying:
- In the second year of King Darius, in the sixth month, on the first day of the month, the word of the LORD came by Haggai the prophet to Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and to Joshua son of Jehozadak the high priest, saying:
Hag.1.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- אמרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- לא: PART_NEG
- עת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- עת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- להבנות: INF,nif
Parallels
- Ezra 4:24 (structural): Describes how work on the temple halted—provides the historical outcome of the delay Haggai rebukes (people saying 'not yet').
- Ezra 5:1-2 (quotation): Narrative reference to the prophets Haggai and Zechariah rising to urge the people to rebuild—directly connects to Haggai's prophetic activity and message.
- Isaiah 44:28 (allusion): God's promise that Cyrus will command Jerusalem's rebuilding; counters the claim that 'it is not time' by asserting divinely appointed timing for the temple.
- Psalm 127:1 (thematic): Affirms that the LORD, not human delay or effort, determines the success of building a house—echoes Haggai's concern about misplaced priorities and dependence on God.
- Haggai 2:3 (structural): Immediate continuation of Haggai's address—encourages the discouraged remnant and reframes the question of timing and hope for the temple's future.
Alternative generated candidates
- Thus says the LORD of hosts: This people say, “The time has not yet come; the time for the house of the LORD to be built.”
- Thus says the LORD of hosts: 'This people say,
Hag.1.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ביד: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- חגי: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- הנביא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Zechariah 1:1 (structural): Postexilic prophetic introduction using the same formula 'the word of the LORD came to [the prophet],' linking Haggai and Zechariah as contemporaneous prophetic voices.
- Jeremiah 1:4 (verbal): Uses the identical phrase 'Now the word of the LORD came unto me, saying,' reflecting the standard prophetic calling formula.
- Ezekiel 1:3 (verbal): Employs the same wording about 'the word of the LORD' coming to the prophet, emphasizing prophetic reception of divine revelation.
- 1 Kings 17:2 (allusion): An earlier example—'And the word of the LORD came unto Elijah'—showing the recurring biblical motif of God's message being delivered through a prophetic messenger.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the word of the LORD came by Haggai the prophet, saying:
Hag.1.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- העת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- לשבת: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- בבתיכם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
- ספונים: PART,qal,ptc,m,pl
- והבית: NOUN,m,sg,def,pref:v
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Haggai 1:5-6 (verbal): Immediate continuation of the same oracle: the prophet urges the people to 'consider your ways' and links their hardship (poor harvests, lack of satisfaction) to neglecting the LORD's house while they live in paneled houses.
- Haggai 1:9 (verbal): Closely related line in the same chapter that explains the economic/communal consequences of prioritizing private comfort over rebuilding the temple—'you looked for much, and behold, it came to little.'
- Ezra 5:1-2 (thematic): Narrative parallel: after the return, Haggai (with Zechariah) exhorts the people to resume building the house of the LORD, directly reflecting the prophetic demand of Haggai 1:4 against dwelling in comfortable private houses while the temple lies in ruins.
- Nehemiah 2:17-18 (thematic): Nehemiah's appeal to rebuild Jerusalem's broken walls and restore communal life echoes Haggai's rebuke—calling people away from settling into private security toward collective reconstruction of God's house and the city.
- Zechariah 4:6-10 (thematic): Zechariah's encouragement to Zerubbabel that the temple work will succeed 'not by might but by my Spirit' complements Haggai's call to prioritize the LORD's house and promises divine support for the rebuilding effort.
Alternative generated candidates
- Is it a time for you to dwell in your paneled houses, while this house lies in ruins?
Hag.1.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועתה: CONJ
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שימו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
- לבבכם: NOUN,m,sg,poss
- על: PREP
- דרכיכם: NOUN,f,pl,const,2mp
Parallels
- Haggai 1:7 (verbal): Immediate parallel within the same oracle: the prophet again introduces the divine exhortation with nearly identical wording, 'Thus says the LORD of hosts; Consider your ways.' (repetition/emphasis).
- Zechariah 1:3 (thematic): Both prophets call the people to repentance and reorientation toward God after exile—'Turn ye unto the LORD…' echoes Haggai's summons to 'consider your ways.'
- Joel 2:12-13 (thematic): A public call to heartfelt repentance ('Return to me with all your heart') that parallels Haggai's demand that the community examine and change its conduct in light of God's purposes.
- Jeremiah 18:11 (allusion): Similar rhetorical formula ('Now therefore say...') and moral summons—Jeremiah urges the people to 'turn from your evil way,' paralleling Haggai's admonition to consider and alter their ways.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now therefore thus says the LORD of hosts: Consider your ways.
Hag.1.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- זרעתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- הרבה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- והבא: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- מעט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אכול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואין: CONJ+PART,exist
- לשבעה: PREP+NUM,m,sg
- שתו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ואין: CONJ+PART,exist
- לשכרה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+suf:3,f
- לבוש: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ואין: CONJ+PART,exist
- לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- והמשתכר: VERB,hitpael,pres,3,m,sg
- משתכר: VERB,hitpael,pres,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- צרור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נקוב: ADJ,m,sg
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 28:38 (thematic): Like Haggai 1:6, Deut 28:38 (part of the covenant curses) depicts agricultural and economic frustration—planting or bringing seed but reaping little or none—as divine judgment on the people.
- Jeremiah 12:13 (verbal): Uses the same sow/harvest contrast: people ‘sow wheat but reap thorns,’ expressing the idea that human toil yields disappointing, even shameful, results—paralleling Haggai’s image of much sowing but little harvest.
- Amos 4:6–8 (thematic): God describes bringing scarcity (lack of bread, wine, etc.) upon the land despite normal life continuing—similar to Haggai’s depiction of toil and consumption without satisfaction as an expression of divine discipline.
- Hosea 8:7 (verbal): Hosea’s saying ‘they sow the wind and reap the whirlwind’ and other sow/reap imagery underline futile or disastrous outcomes of Israel’s actions, echoing Haggai’s theme of labor producing little return.
Alternative generated candidates
- You have sown much and brought in little; you eat, but you do not have enough; you drink, but you are not satisfied; you clothe yourselves, but no one is warm; and he who earns wages, earns wages to put into a bag with holes.
Hag.1.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שימו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
- לבבכם: NOUN,m,sg,poss
- על: PREP
- דרכיכם: NOUN,f,pl,const,2mp
Parallels
- Lamentations 3:40 (verbal): Uses the same imperative idea of self-examination—'Let us test and examine our ways'—echoing Haggai’s call to 'consider your ways.'
- Psalm 119:59 (verbal): First-person reflection—'I considered my ways'—shares the verb and motif of taking stock of one's conduct as in Haggai 1:7.
- Zechariah 1:4 (thematic): Prophetic summons with the same opening formula ('Thus says the LORD of hosts') calling people to turn from evil ways—parallel prophetic admonition to change behavior.
- Jonah 3:8 (thematic): The Ninevites are urged to 'turn from their evil ways,' a communal call to repentance and change of conduct similar to Haggai’s injunction.
- 2 Corinthians 13:5 (thematic): New Testament exhortation to 'examine yourselves' echoes the prophetic concern for self-scrutiny and assessment of one’s ways found in Haggai 1:7.
Alternative generated candidates
- Thus says the LORD of hosts: Consider your ways.
Hag.1.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עלו: PREP+3ms_suff
- ההר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והבאתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- עץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובנו: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- הבית: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וארצה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- ואכבדה: VERB,qal,imf,1,c,sg,suff:3fs,pref:w
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ezra 1:3 (thematic): Cyrus' decree: 'let him go up' to Jerusalem and rebuild the house of the LORD—call to 'go up' and rebuild the temple closely parallels Haggai's summons.
- Ezra 5:1-2 (structural): Haggai and Zechariah prophesy to encourage the people to resume rebuilding the temple—direct continuation of the same prophetic call to build.
- Zechariah 4:9 (thematic): Promise that Zerubbabel has laid the foundation and will finish the house—assurance that the temple-building project will be completed and honored by God.
- 1 Chronicles 22:11-14 (verbal): David's charge to Solomon to 'arise and build' the sanctuary and his gathering of materials echoes the imperative to go up, bring timber, and build the house for God's presence.
Alternative generated candidates
- Go up to the hills and bring wood, and build the house; and I will take pleasure in it and be glorified, says the LORD.
Hag.1.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- פנה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- הרבה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- והנה: ADV
- למעט: PREP
- והבאתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- הבית: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ונפחתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- יען: CONJ
- מה: PRON,int
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- יען: CONJ
- ביתי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1cs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואתם: CONJ+PRON,2,pl
- רצים: VERB,qal,ptcp,3,m,pl
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לביתו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cs+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 28:38-40 (verbal): Uses the same motif of agricultural frustration—sowing much yet reaping little and planting without enjoying the produce—linking covenantal disobedience to diminished yield, as Haggai describes.
- Malachi 1:10-14 (thematic): Condemns neglect and disrespect of the Lord’s house and offerings; like Haggai, Malachi connects the people's failure to honor God's temple with divine displeasure and the withholding of blessing.
- 1 Samuel 2:29-30 (thematic): God rebukes those who despise his service and promises to honor those who honor him—paralleling Haggai’s claim that blessings are curtailed because the Lord’s house has been neglected.
- 2 Chronicles 36:19-21 (thematic): Describes the destruction of the temple and exile as the consequence of Israel’s sins, resonating with Haggai’s emphasis on the ruined house of the Lord as the reason for diminished prosperity.
Alternative generated candidates
- You looked for much, and behold, it came to little; and when you brought it home, I blew it away. Why? declares the LORD of hosts. Because of my house that lies in ruins, while each of you runs to his own house.
Hag.1.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- על: PREP
- כן: ADV
- עליכם: PREP+PRON,2mp
- כלאו: VERB,qal,perf,3,mp
- שמים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מטל: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- והארץ: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כלאה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- יבולה: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 11:17 (verbal): Speaks of the LORD shutting up the heavens so there is no rain as a consequence of disobedience—language and concept closely parallel to Haggai's withholding of dew and produce.
- Leviticus 26:19-20 (verbal): Part of the covenant curses: God makes the heavens like iron and the earth like bronze so it will not yield its increases—uses similar imagery of heavens/earth withholding produce.
- Deuteronomy 28:23-24 (thematic): Covenantal curse formula describing heavens turned to bronze and earth to iron, resulting in failed crops—shares the theme of divine punishment expressed through agricultural failure.
- Amos 4:7 (verbal): God declares he withheld rain from a city and sent early rain withheld—direct attribution of drought to the LORD's judgment, echoing Haggai's causal link between sin and lack of dew/produce.
- Malachi 3:10-11 (thematic): Promises that faithful obedience (bringing tithes) will open the windows of heaven and rebuke the devourer—provides a contrastive promise to Haggai's declaration that disobedience causes heavens/earth to withhold blessing.
Alternative generated candidates
- Therefore the heavens above you have withheld the dew, and the earth has withheld its produce.
Hag.1.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואקרא: VERB,qal,imperfect,1,_,sg
- חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- ההרים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- הדגן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- התירוש: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- היצהר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- תוציא: VERB,hiph,impf,2,m,sg
- האדמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- האדם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- הבהמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- כל: DET
- יגיע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כפים: NOUN,f,du,abs
Parallels
- Joel 1:10-12 (verbal): Uses the same catalogue of devastated produce—grain, wine, oil—and images of ruined fields and mourning for the loss of the harvest, closely paralleling Haggai’s list of what the land ceases to yield.
- Deuteronomy 28:23-24 (structural): Part of the covenant curse describing God’s judgement by turning skies to iron and earth to brass so that crops fail and people suffer—structurally similar as a divine-caused drought and agricultural catastrophe.
- Leviticus 26:19-20 (allusion): Leviticus warns that disobedience will bring sterile land, failed crops and famine; Haggai’s declaration echoes this covenantal punitive pattern of divine withholding of yield.
- Amos 4:7 (thematic): Speaks of God withholding rain and causing scarcity so that the livelihood of people and cattle suffers—thematically parallels Haggai’s picture of drought affecting produce, people, and animals.
Alternative generated candidates
- And I called for drought upon the land and upon the mountains, upon the grain and upon the new wine and upon the oil, upon what the ground yields, upon man and upon beast, and upon all the labor of your hands.
Hag.1.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישמע: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- זרבבל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלתיאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויהושע: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוצדק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הגדול: ADJ,m,sg,def
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- שארית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בקול: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
- חגי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הנביא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- כאשר: CONJ
- שלחו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
- וייראו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ezra 5:1-2 (structural): Records that the prophets Haggai and Zechariah prophesied to the Jews in Judah and Jerusalem and encouraged them to rebuild the house of God—same prophetic initiative and effect on the people.
- Ezra 3:2-11 (structural): Describes Zerubbabel and Jeshua (Joshua) leading priests and people to restart temple worship and lay the foundation of the house of the LORD—same leaders and communal response as in Haggai 1:12.
- Zechariah 4:6-10 (thematic): God’s assurance to Zerubbabel and Joshua ('Not by might nor by power…') promises divine enabling for completing the temple work, echoing Haggai’s theme of the LORD commissioning and empowering the leaders and people.
- Haggai 1:13-14 (verbal): Immediate continuation of 1:12: Haggai delivers the LORD’s word, the LORD is with them, and God stirs the spirit of Zerubbabel and the people to obey and work—direct narrative and verbal continuation.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel and Joshua son of Jehozadak the high priest, and the remnant of the people, obeyed the voice of the LORD their God and the words of Haggai the prophet, as the LORD their God had sent him; and the people feared before the LORD.
Hag.1.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- חגי: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מלאך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- במלאכות: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לעם: PREP
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 3:12 (verbal): God's promise to Moses — "I will be with you" — a direct assurance of divine presence similar to Haggai's proclamation.
- Deuteronomy 31:6 (thematic): Covenantal encouragement to Israel's leaders: God will go with them and not abandon them, echoing the consolatory function of "I am with you."
- Joshua 1:9 (verbal): Joshua is told to be strong because "the LORD your God is with you wherever you go," paralleling Haggai's declaration of God's presence to the people.
- Isaiah 41:10 (verbal): "Fear not, for I am with you" — an explicit, near-verbatim promise of divine presence and comfort that resonates with Haggai's words.
- Matthew 28:20 (allusion): Jesus' final promise "I am with you always" echoes the OT motif of God's abiding presence, applying the same assurance to the church.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Haggai, the messenger of the LORD, spoke to the people with the LORD’s message: “I am with you, declares the LORD.”
Hag.1.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויער: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- רוח: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- זרבבל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלתיאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פחת: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ואת: CONJ
- רוח: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוצדק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הגדול: ADJ,m,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- רוח: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כל: DET
- שארית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- ויעשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- מלאכה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אלהיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
Parallels
- Ezra 5:1 (quotation): Explicit cross-reference: Ezra names Haggai and Zechariah prophesying, and records that Zerubbabel and Jeshua (Jeshua/Joshua) arose to rebuild the house of God, echoing Haggai's account of God stirring their spirits.
- Zechariah 4:6-10 (verbal): Speaks of Zerubbabel's work accomplished 'not by might nor by power, but by my Spirit' and that the hands of Zerubbabel have laid the foundation and will finish it—language closely parallel to Haggai's depiction of God stirring Zerubbabel and Jeshua to work on the temple.
- Ezra 3:8-11 (structural): Describes Zerubbabel and Jeshua leading the people in laying the temple foundation and the people's response—parallels the functional outcome of Haggai 1:14 where the remnant come and do the work on the house of the LORD.
- Nehemiah 2:18 (thematic): Nehemiah reports that the people responded to divine commission with 'let us rise up and build' and 'they strengthened their hands for the good work,' echoing the theme of God-impelled communal action found in Haggai 1:14.
- Haggai 2:4-5 (allusion): Within the same prophetic context Haggai encourages Zerubbabel and Joshua, promising God's presence and Spirit among them—an internal parallel that frames the divine impulse described in 1:14.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD stirred up the spirit of Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and the spirit of Joshua son of Jehozadak the high priest, and the spirit of all the remnant of the people; and they came and worked on the house of the LORD of hosts, their God.
Hag.1.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ביום: PREP
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- וארבעה: CONJ+NUM,card,m,sg
- לחדש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בששי: PREP+ADJ,ord,sg,m,def
- בשנת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- שתים: NUM,f,pl,abs
- לדריוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Haggai 1:1 (structural): Another dating formula in the same prophet specifying the time (the first day of the sixth month) in the second year of Darius; both verses frame Haggai's oracles by precise dates.
- Haggai 2:1 (structural): Gives a later precise date (the twenty-first day of the seventh month) in the same book and year sequence; parallels Haggai 1:15 in using exact day/month dating to mark prophetic messages.
- Zechariah 1:1 (thematic): Begins with a dating formula 'in the eighth month, in the second year of Darius,' situating Zechariah's prophecies in the same historical period as Haggai.
- Ezra 5:1-2 (thematic): Describes how Haggai and Zechariah encouraged the elders to rebuild the temple—contextually linked to the dated prophetic activity recorded in Haggai 1:15.
- Ezra 6:15 (verbal): Records the completion of the temple 'in the sixth year of Darius the king,' another royal-year dating that connects to the Darius-era chronological framework used in Haggai 1:15.
Alternative generated candidates
- On the twenty-fourth day of the sixth month, in the second year of King Darius.
In the second year of King Darius, in the sixth month, on the first day of the month, the word of the LORD came by Haggai the prophet to Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and to Joshua son of Jehozadak the high priest, saying, Thus says the LORD of hosts: “This people say, ‘The time has not yet come; the time for the house of the LORD to be built.’”
The word of the LORD came by Haggai the prophet, saying,
Is it a time for you yourselves to dwell in your paneled houses, while this house lies in ruins? Now therefore thus says the LORD of hosts: Consider your ways.
You have sown much and harvested little; you eat, but you do not have enough; you drink, but you are not filled; you clothe yourselves, but no one is warm; and he who earns wages puts them into a bag with holes. Thus says the LORD of hosts: Consider your ways.
Go up to the mountain, bring wood, and build the house; and I will take pleasure in it and will be glorified, says the LORD.
You looked for much, and behold, it came to little; and when you brought it home, I blew upon it. Why? declares the LORD of hosts. Because my house lies in ruins, while you run each to his own house.
Therefore the heavens above you have withheld the dew, and the earth has withheld its yield.
I called for a drought on the land and on the mountains, on the grain and on the new wine and on the oil, on what the ground brings forth, and on men and on livestock and on all the labor of your hands.
Then Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, and Joshua son of Jehozadak the high priest, and all the remnant of the people obeyed the voice of the LORD their God and the words of Haggai the prophet, as the LORD their God had sent him; and the people feared the LORD. And Haggai, the LORD’s messenger, spoke to the people with the word of the LORD, saying, “I am with you, declares the LORD.” And the LORD stirred up the spirit of Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and the spirit of Joshua son of Jehozadak the high priest, and the spirit of all the remnant of the people; and they came and worked on the house of the LORD of hosts, their God.
On the twenty-fourth day of the sixth month, in the second year of King Darius.