Age Regulations and Duties of the Levites
1 Chronicles 23:12-20
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1 C.23.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- קהת: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עמרם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יצהר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חברון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועזיאל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ארבעה: NUM,card,m,sg
Parallels
- Numbers 3:27 (verbal): Lists the sons of Kohath—Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel—same names as in 1 Chronicles 23:12 (direct repetition of the genealogy).
- Numbers 26:57 (verbal): Census/genealogical listing that again records the sons of Kohath (Amram, Izhar, Hebron, Uzziel), repeating the household divisions.
- Exodus 6:18 (verbal): Part of the Levi genealogy that names Kohath’s sons (Amram, Izhar, Hebron, Uzziel); links Amram to the wider narrative (Amram as ancestor of Moses and Aaron).
- 1 Chronicles 6:3 (structural): Parallel genealogical summary within Chronicles that enumerates Kohath’s sons, placing the same names in the broader Levite lineage and priestly context.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Kohath were Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel—four.
- The sons of Kohath: Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel—four.
1 C.23.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- עמרם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומשה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויבדל: CONJ+VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- להקדישו: VERB,hif,inf,3,m,sg
- קדש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- קדשים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- ובניו: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- עד: PREP
- עולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- להקטיר: VERB,hiph,inf
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לשרתו: VERB,qal,inf,3,m,sg
- ולברך: VERB,qal,inf
- בשמו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- עד: PREP
- עולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 28:1 (structural): Commands that Aaron and his sons be taken from the people to serve as priests, paralleling 1 Chr 23:13’s identification of Aaron and his descendants as set apart for priestly service.
- Exodus 29:9 (quotation): Describes the ordination of Aaron and his sons and states the priesthood as a perpetual statute, closely echoing 1 Chr 23:13’s language about Aaron’s consecration and his sons serving 'forever'.
- Leviticus 8:30 (verbal): Narrates Moses anointing and consecrating Aaron and his sons for priestly service, corresponding to the Chronicle’s note that Aaron was separated and sanctified for ministry.
- Numbers 3:10 (thematic): Commands appointment of Aaron and his sons to keep charge of the sanctuary and perform priestly duties—paralleling the Chronicle’s emphasis on perpetual priestly responsibilities.
- Numbers 6:23-27 (thematic): Contains the priestly blessing ('so they shall put my name on the people, and I will bless them'), which connects to 1 Chr 23:13’s statement that Aaron’s sons are to bless in God’s name forever.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Amram were Aaron and Moses. Aaron was set apart to be consecrated; he and his sons forever to offer incense before the LORD, to minister and to bless in his name forever.
- The sons of Amram: Aaron and Moses. Aaron was set apart to be holy—most holy—and his sons were appointed forever to offer incense before the LORD, to minister to him and to bless in his name forever.
1 C.23.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומשה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בניו: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- יקראו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- על: PREP
- שבט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הלוי: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Numbers 3:12-13 (thematic): God takes the Levites in place of the firstborn and sets them apart for service—background for appointing leaders over the tribe of Levi.
- Deuteronomy 10:8-9 (thematic): The LORD separates the Levites to minister before Him and to bless in His name, paralleling the Levites’ special status and leadership roles.
- Exodus 18:3-4 (verbal): Gives the names of Moses’ sons (Gershom and Eliezer), linking to the statement that Moses’ sons were assigned over the Levites.
- Numbers 4:3 (structural): Describes the organization and assignment of duties among the Levites (age limits and service divisions), parallel to Chronicles’ listing of Levite leadership and responsibilities.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Moses, the man of God—his sons were reckoned to the tribe of Levi.
- As for Moses, the man of God—his sons were reckoned with the tribe of Levi.
1 C.23.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- גרשם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואליעזר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 18:3-4 (verbal): Gives the same two names as the sons of Moses (Gershom and Eliezer) and supplies the naming explanations and narrative context of their births.
- Exodus 2:22 (verbal): Records the birth and naming of Gershom (’a stranger there’)—one of the two sons of Moses mentioned in 1 Chronicles 23:15.
- Judges 18:30 (allusion): Mentions a ‘Gershom’ in a different genealogical setting (Gershom son of Manasseh), reflecting the continued use or reapplication of the name associated with Levite/household traditions and possible later clan identifications.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Moses: Gershom and Eliezer.
- The sons of Moses: Gershom and Eliezer.
1 C.23.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- גרשום: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- שבואל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הראש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 3:17 (verbal): Lists the sons of Gershon (Libni and Shimei in many manuscripts) — the same Levite family names echoed in Chronicles' genealogy.
- 1 Chronicles 6:16 (verbal): A parallel genealogical listing of Gershon's descendants in the Levitical roll, corresponding to the names/heads given in 1 Chronicles 23.
- Numbers 4:21-22 (thematic): Describes the duties and organization of the Gershonite clan for tabernacle service, providing the functional context for naming their chiefs in Chronicles.
- 1 Chronicles 23:6 (structural): Earlier verse in the same chapter that establishes the three principal Levitical branches (Gershon, Kohath, Merari), framing the subsequent naming of Gershon's heads.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Gershom: Shebuel the first.
- The sons of Gershom: Shebuel the chief.
1 C.23.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהיו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אליעזר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רחביה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הראש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולא: CONJ
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לאליעזר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אחרים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- ובני: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- רחביה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רבו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- למעלה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 6:22 (verbal): Repeats the same priestly genealogy: lists Eliezer’s descendant Rehabiah as head and notes Eliezer had no other sons (a parallel/duplicate genealogical tradition).
- 1 Chronicles 23:13 (structural): Neighboring verse in the same chapter assigning duties to Eleazar’s line—connects the identification of Eliezer/Rehabiah with the functional distribution of Levitical service.
- Exodus 6:23 (allusion): Names Eleazar (a key priestly ancestor) in Aaron’s line; echoes the priestly/Levitical lineage context and the prominence of Eleazar/Eliezer-type names in priestly genealogies.
- Numbers 3:27–39 (thematic): Census and enumeration of Levitical families and their chiefs; thematically parallels the counting and noting of family heads and the relative size of Levitical houses (e.g., 'sons were many').
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Eliezer: Rehabiah the first. Eliezer had no other sons, and the sons of Rehabiah became many.
- The sons of Eliezer: Rehabiah the chief; and Eliezer had no other sons, and the sons of Rehabiah multiplied greatly.
1 C.23.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- יצהר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלמית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הראש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 6:18 (verbal): Lists the sons of Kohath (including Izhar) in the ancestral genealogy that 1 Chron 23:18 presupposes; same family line and names.
- Numbers 3:19 (verbal): Gives the Kohathite genealogy and household organization (including Izhar), paralleling the Levitical family headings found in 1 Chron 23:18.
- 1 Chronicles 6:22 (verbal): Another genealogical list in Chronicles that names the descendants of Izhar (naming Shelomith/leader), repeating the same family-head information found in 1 Chron 23:18.
- 1 Chronicles 24:1 (thematic): Describes the organization of priestly and Levitical divisions under David—the broader administrative context to which the naming of Izhar’s head (1 Chr 23:18) belongs.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Izhar: Shelomoth the first.
- The sons of Izhar: Shelomoth the chief.
1 C.23.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- חברון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יריהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הראש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אמריה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השני: ADJ,m,sg,def
- יחזיאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השלישי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- ויקמעם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הרביעי: ADJ,ord,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 23:18 (structural): Immediate neighboring verse in the same chapter listing other chiefs of the Levite families — continuation of the same cataloguing pattern of named leaders.
- 1 Chronicles 23:24 (structural): Within the same chapter, this verse lists the chiefs of the Gershonite families; parallels in form and purpose (naming family heads and order of service).
- 1 Chronicles 24:1-19 (thematic): David’s organization of priestly divisions and the listing of family heads and courses — a broader, thematic parallel in arranging cultic personnel and naming leaders by family/slot.
- Ezra 2:36-39 (thematic): Genealogical listing of priests and Levites returning from exile (names and family groupings) — analogous use of named leaders and family lists for priestly/Levitical organization.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Hebron: Jeriah the first, Amariah the second, Jahaziel the third, and Jekamiah the fourth.
- The sons of Hebron: Jeriah the first, Amariah the second, Jahaziel the third, and Jekameam the fourth.
1 C.23.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- עזיאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מיכה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הראש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וישיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השני: ADJ,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Exodus 6:18-21 (verbal): Exodus gives the genealogy of Kohath and names Uzziel and his descendants — the same Uzziel clan to which 1 Chr 23:20 belongs, providing the wider ancestral context for the names listed.
- Numbers 3:17-21 (structural): Numbers lists the Levite families and the heads of Kohath’s house; it parallels Chronicles’ organizing principle of naming Levite clans and their chiefs.
- 1 Chronicles 6:21-24 (verbal): Earlier genealogical material in Chronicles repeats the Kohathite/Uzziel line and its descendants, confirming the same names and family-head structure found in 1 Chr 23:20.
- Numbers 26:57-61 (thematic): The census passages in Numbers enumerate Levite families (including descendants of Uzziel) and thus thematically parallel Chronicles’ listing of Uzziel’s sons and their leaders.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Uzziel: Micah the first, Isshiah the second.
- The sons of Uzziel: Micah the first, and Isshiah the second.
The sons of Kohath were Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel—four.
The sons of Amram were Aaron and Moses. Aaron was set apart to be holy—he and his sons forever—to offer incense before the LORD, to minister to him, and to bless in his name for all time. And Moses, the man of God—his sons were counted among the tribe of Levi.
The sons of Moses: Gershom and Eliezer.
The sons of Gershom: Shebuel the chief.
The sons of Eliezer: Rehabiah the chief; Eliezer had no other sons, and the sons of Rehabiah were many.
The sons of Izhar: Shelomith the chief.
The sons of Hebron: Jeriah the first, Amariah the second, Jahaziel the third, and Jekamiah the fourth.
The sons of Uzziel: Micah the chief, and Isshiah the second.