Judgment on Ammon
Jeremiah 49:1-6
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Jer.49.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לבני: PREP
- עמון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- הבנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אין: PART,neg
- לישראל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אם: CONJ
- יורש: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- אין: PART,neg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- מדוע: ADV
- ירש: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מלכם: NOUN,m,sg,construct+PRON:3,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- גד: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- ועמו: PREP+3,m,sg
- בעריו: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ישב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Judges 11:12-28 (thematic): Jephthah's negotiation with the Ammonites recounts the same territorial dispute — Ammon's claim to lands Israel says formerly belonged to Israel, paralleling Jeremiah's question about Ammon inheriting Gad.
- Ezekiel 25:2-7 (verbal): Ezekiel's oracle against Ammon accuses them of rejoicing over the 'possession of the house of Israel,' echoing Jeremiah's charge that Ammon (and its god Milcom) has taken Israel's inheritance.
- Deuteronomy 2:19-21 (structural): Mosaic law/history explains why Israel was not to harass the Ammonites and why certain lands were associated with the descendants of Lot — background for the question of rightful inheritance raised in Jeremiah.
- Amos 1:13-15 (thematic): Amos pronounces judgment on the Ammonites and their capital Rabbah for their violence and territorial aggression, thematically aligning with Jeremiah's oracle of condemnation concerning Ammon's hold on Israelite land.
Alternative generated candidates
- Concerning the sons of Ammon. Thus says the LORD: Has Israel no son? Has he no heir? Why then has your king taken possession of Gad, and his people settled in its towns?
- Concerning the sons of Ammon. Thus says the LORD: Has Israel no sons? Has he no heir? Why then has their king taken possession of Gad, and his people settled in its towns?
Jer.49.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- לכן: ADV
- הנה: PART
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- באים: VERB,qal,part,3,m,pl
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- והשמעתי: VERB,hiph,perf,1,c,sg
- אל: NEG
- רבת: ADV
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- עמון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תרועת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- מלחמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- והיתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- לתל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שממה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ובנתיה: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,poss3ms
- באש: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- תצתנה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,pl
- וירש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg,pref_vav
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- ירשיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Amos 1:13-15 (verbal): Explicit oracle against the Ammonites naming Rabba (Rabbah) and declaring it will be consumed by fire — closely echoes Jeremiah’s image of Rabba as a desolate heap and burning of its daughters.
- Ezekiel 25:6 (thematic): God declares He will give the Ammonites into the hand of Israel — parallels Jeremiah’s announcement that Israel will inherit their inheritance from Ammon.
- Judges 11:33 (structural): Jephthah’s military defeat of the Ammonites and Israel’s taking of territory provides a historical precedent for Israel’s possession of Ammonite lands, reflecting the outcome Jeremiah predicts.
- 2 Samuel 12:29-31 (structural): David’s capture of Rabbah and the subjugation of its people is a historical episode concerning Rabbah that structurally parallels Jeremiah’s prophetic judgment and Israel’s appropriation of Ammonite territory.
Alternative generated candidates
- Therefore behold, days are coming, declares the LORD, when I will sound an alarm against Rabbah of the sons of Ammon; it shall become a heap of ruins, her daughters a desolation; I will kindle a fire in her cities, and Israel shall take possession of its inheritance, says the LORD.
- Therefore behold, days are coming, declares the LORD, when I will sound against Rabbah of the sons of Ammon a trumpet of battle; she shall become a heap of ruins, and I will kindle her suburbs with fire, and Israel shall inherit his inheritance, declares the LORD.
Jer.49.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הילילי: VERB,piel,imp,2,f,sg
- חשבון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- שדדה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- עי: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צעקנה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- בנות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- רבה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- חגרנה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,pl
- שקים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ספדנה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,pl
- והתשוטטנה: CONJ+VERB,hitpael,perf,3,f,pl
- בגדרות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- כי: CONJ
- מלכם: NOUN,m,sg,construct+PRON:3,pl
- בגולה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- ילך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- כהניו: NOUN,m,pl,pronominal3ms
- ושריו: NOUN,m,pl,poss,3,m,sg
- יחדיו: ADV
Parallels
- Amos 1:13-15 (verbal): Explicit oracle against the Ammonites mentioning Rabbah (Rabbath) and predicting its destruction (fire in the walls) — parallels Jeremiah’s address to Heshbon/Rabbah and the theme of city devastation and exile.
- Isaiah 15:2-3 (thematic): Moabite lament that calls for mourning, girding with sackcloth, and wailing over captured cities — comparable language and mourning motifs used for Rabbah/Heshbon in Jeremiah 49:3.
- Zephaniah 2:8-9 (thematic): Prophetic denunciation of Moab and the Ammonites predicting disgrace and loss of status (comparison to Sodom); echoes Jeremiah’s theme of humiliation and exile for Rabbah’s rulers.
- Jeremiah 49:4 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same oracle cycle: continues the prophecy against Ammon with the prediction that their people and leaders will be carried into exile, reinforcing the kings/princes-in-captivity motif of v.3.
Alternative generated candidates
- Cry aloud, O Heshbon, for Ai has been plundered; cry out, O daughters of Rabbah; gird yourselves with sackcloth, lament and wander among the hedges; for their king has gone into exile, his priests and his princes together.
- Wail, Heshbon, for Ai is laid waste; cry aloud, you daughters of Rabbah—gird yourselves with sackcloth, lament and wander about the walls; for their king has gone into exile, his priests and his princes together.
Jer.49.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מה: PRON,int
- תתהללי: VERB,hitp,impf,2,f,sg
- בעמקים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- זב: VERB,qal,ptc,ms,sg
- עמקך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+2m,sg
- הבת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- השובבה: ADJ,f,sg,def
- הבטחה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- באצרתיה: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+3f,sg
- מי: PRON,interr,sg
- יבוא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
Parallels
- Obadiah 1:3-4 (verbal): Uses almost identical imagery—soaring like an eagle/setting a high nest—and the divine threat: from there I will bring you down. A near-verbal parallel about proud security and imminent humiliation.
- Jeremiah 49:16 (verbal): Another line in Jeremiah's oracles that repeats the same motif and language of a nation making a high nest 'as the eagle' and God bringing it down—shows a recurring prophetic formula against arrogant security.
- Ezekiel 31:3-9 (thematic): Assyria (or the great tree) is portrayed as exalted in height and splendor, yet God causes it to be cut down and brought low—shares the theme of lofty pride and divinely ordained downfall (height/Descent imagery).
- Isaiah 14:13-15 (thematic): Speaks of boastful exaltation ('I will ascend...') followed by humiliation and being brought down to Sheol. The passage parallels the motif of arrogant self-exaltation and subsequent divine overthrow.
Alternative generated candidates
- Why do you boast in the valleys, O you whose valley overflows? O wayward daughter who trusts in her storehouses—who will come to me?
- Why do you boast in the valleys, your nest among the clefts, O you who trust in your riches—who can come against me?
Jer.49.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הנני: PRT+PRON,1,sg
- מביא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עליך: PREP+2ms
- פחד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מכל: PREP
- סביביך: PREP+PRON,2,ms
- ונדחתם: VERB,niphal,perf,2,m,pl
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לפניו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- ואין: CONJ+PART,exist
- מקבץ: VERB,qal,ptcp,ms
- לנדד: INF,qal
Parallels
- Deut.28:25 (verbal): Covenantal curse language about being routed and fleeing in all directions—'you shall go out one way against them and flee seven ways'—parallels Jeremiah's image of people driven off with none to gather the fugitives.
- Isa.13:6-8 (thematic): Oracle announcing terror and panic from the LORD and widespread desolation; like Jer.49:5 it portrays a divine summons of alarm and people thrown into terror and flight.
- Ezek.7:26-27 (verbal): Speaks of sudden disaster, panic and people seeking peace but finding none—echoing Jeremiah's motif of terror coming from all around and the inability to gather or secure the fleeing remnant.
- Joel 2:1-2 (thematic): A trumpet-alarm oracle describing an advancing, terrifying host that brings darkness, panic and disruption of social order—themewise similar to the 'terror… from all around' and mass flight of Jer.49:5.
Alternative generated candidates
- Behold, I will send panic upon you, declares the LORD of hosts, from all around you; you shall be driven off, each one before him, and there will be no one to gather the fugitives.
- Behold, I will bring against you terror, declares the LORD of hosts, from all who are around you; you shall be routed each one before him, and there will be no one to gather the fugitives.
Jer.49.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואחרי: CONJ
- כן: ADV
- אשיב: VERB,hiphil,impf,1,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- שבות: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- עמון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Joel 3:1 (verbal): Uses the same verb/formula of restoring fortunes/captivity (שיב/restore the fortunes) — a direct verbal parallel about God restoring what was lost to a people after judgment.
- Amos 9:14–15 (thematic): God promises to bring back the exiles and restore the land and fortunes of his people — a theme of restoration after punishment similar to Jeremiah 49:6.
- Ezekiel 36:33–36 (thematic): God pledges to rebuild ruined places and make the land fruitful and inhabited again — an assurance of reversal from devastation to restoration akin to Jeremiah’s promise to the Ammonites.
- Isaiah 11:11–12 (thematic): A future act of recovery in which God will gather and restore a remnant from the nations — parallels the motif of post-judgment restoration of peoples and their fortunes.
- Isaiah 19:23–25 (thematic): A surprising promise that foreign nations (Egypt and Assyria) will be blessed and restored alongside Israel — echoes the idea that God’s purposes can include restoration of non‑Israelite nations after judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- And afterward I will restore the fortunes of the sons of Ammon, declares the LORD.
- Afterward I will restore the fortunes of the sons of Ammon, declares the LORD.
Concerning the sons of Ammon. Thus says the LORD: Has Israel no sons? Has he no heir? Why then has their king taken possession of Gad and settled his people in its towns?
Therefore behold, days are coming, declares the LORD, when I will sound against Rabbah of the sons of Ammon the shout of battle; it shall become a heap of ruins, and I will set her cities on fire, and Israel shall possess his inheritance, says the LORD.
Cry aloud, Heshbon, for Ai is plundered; cry, daughters of Rabbah—gird yourselves with sackcloth; wail and wander about the walls; for their king will go into exile, together with his priests and his princes.
Why do you boast in the valleys—your valley? O backsliding daughter, confident in your storehouses—who will come to your aid?
Behold, I will bring terror upon you, declares the LORD God of hosts, from all around you; you shall be driven each before him, and there will be no one to gather the fugitives.
Afterward I will restore the fortunes of the sons of Ammon, declares the LORD.