The Resurrection Body and Victory over Death
1 Corinthians 15:35-58
1Cor.15.35 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Αλλα: CONJ
- ερει: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,sg
- τις·Πως: PRON,nom,sg,m
- εγειρονται: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,pl
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- νεκροι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- ποιω: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- δε: CONJ
- σωματι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- ερχονται: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,pl
Parallels
- 1 Corinthians 15:36-44 (structural): Paul immediately answers the question in vv.36-44 with the seed-analogy and his distinction between natural (sown) and spiritual (raised) bodies — a direct continuation of 15:35’s inquiry.
- 1 Corinthians 15:50-53 (thematic): Develops the same concern about how the living inherit the kingdom, teaching that flesh and blood cannot inherit it and describing a transformation at the resurrection.
- Luke 20:27-36 (thematic): The Sadducees’ question about resurrection and Jesus’ reply address the nature of the risen (i.e., non-marital, ‘children of the resurrection’) life — a parallel discussion of 'what kind of body' the dead have.
- Luke 24:36-43 (thematic): Jesus’ post‑resurrection appearance, where he shows his hands and feet and eats to demonstrate a body that is both physical and transformed, bears on the question of the risen body’s character.
- Philippians 3:20-21 (thematic): Affirms the future transformation of believers’ lowly bodies to be like Christ’s glorious body, addressing how the dead/raised will be constituted.
Alternative generated candidates
- But someone will say, "How are the dead raised? With what kind of body do they come?"
- But someone will say, “How are the dead raised? With what kind of body do they come?”
1Cor.15.36 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- αφρων: ADJ,voc,sg,m
- συ: PRON,nom,sg,2
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- σπειρεις: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- ου: PART,neg
- ζωοποιειται: VERB,pres,mid/pass,ind,3,sg
- εαν: CONJ
- μη: PART
- αποθανη·: VERB,aor,act,subj,3,sg
Parallels
- John 12:24 (verbal): Jesus’ saying, “Unless a grain of wheat falls into the earth and dies…,” uses almost identical seed-dies-yields-life language — the same agricultural image Paul adopts to explain resurrection.
- Mark 4:26-29 (thematic): Parable of the seed growing secretly and producing a harvest; shares the agricultural motif of sowing, dying/transformation, and ensuing life/harvest used to illustrate new life.
- 1 Corinthians 15:42-44 (structural): Immediate development of the sowing metaphor within the same chapter: the dead body is 'sown' perishable/weak and 'raised' imperishable/powerful — a direct extension of v.36's point.
- Galatians 6:7-8 (verbal): Uses the sowing/reaping formula (“for whatever one sows, that will he also reap”); shares the agricultural vocabulary and causal principle connecting sowing with later outcome.
- Romans 6:5 (thematic): Speaks of being united with Christ in a death like his and thus in a resurrection like his — theological parallel about death leading to new life, echoing the point of v.36 without the agricultural image.
Alternative generated candidates
- You foolish one! That which you sow does not come to life unless it dies.
- You foolish one! What you sow is not brought to life unless it dies.
1Cor.15.37 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- σπειρεις: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,sg,m
- ου: PART,neg
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- σωμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- γενησομενον: VERB,fut,mid,part,acc,sg,n
- σπειρεις: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- αλλα: CONJ
- γυμνον: ADJ,acc,sg,m
- κοκκον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- ει: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- τυχοι: PART
- σιτου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- τινος: PRON,gen,sg,m
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- λοιπων·: ADJ,gen,pl,m
Parallels
- 1 Corinthians 15:42-44 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same argument: contrasts what is ‘sown’ (natural/perishable body) with what is ‘raised’ (spiritual/imperishable body), using the same seed/planting metaphor to describe resurrection transformation.
- John 12:24 (verbal): Jesus’ saying that unless a grain of wheat falls into the earth and dies it remains alone — if it dies it bears much fruit — uses the same seed-death-fruit logic that Paul applies to bodies and resurrection.
- Mark 4:26-29 (thematic): Parable of the growing seed: seed is sown and mysteriously transformed and brought to harvest. The theme of hidden, natural growth of seed to new life parallels Paul’s image of sowing a seed that becomes a different kind of body.
- Galatians 6:7-8 (thematic): Paul’s broader use of agricultural sowing language (you reap what you sow) shows the OT/NT cultural matrix for moral and eschatological talk of sowing and reaping; in 1 Cor 15 Paul applies the metaphor to bodily transformation and resurrection.
- Job 14:7-9 (allusion): Ancient nature-resurrection imagery (a cut tree putting out shoots and coming alive again) anticipates the idea that what appears dead or changed can be renewed — a conceptual background for Paul’s seed-to-body analogy.
Alternative generated candidates
- And what you sow is not the body that will be, but a bare seed—perhaps of wheat or of some other grain.
- And what you sow, you do not sow the body that will be — you sow a bare seed, perhaps of wheat or of some other grain.
1Cor.15.38 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- θεος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- διδωσιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- σωμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- καθως: CONJ
- ηθελησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- εκαστω: ADJ,dat,sg,m
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- σπερματων: NOUN,gen,pl,n
- ιδιον: ADJ,acc,sg,neut
- σωμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
Parallels
- 1 Corinthians 15:37 (verbal): Immediate context and near-verbatim parallel — the seed analogy: God gives the sown seed a body as he pleases, echoing the exact language and point of 15:38.
- 1 Corinthians 15:39 (verbal): Direct continuation of the same argument: 'Not all flesh is the same flesh' — emphasizes that different kinds of bodies correspond to different kinds of living beings, reinforcing 15:38's claim that each seed has its own body.
- 1 Corinthians 15:42-44 (thematic): Develops the sown/raised contrast (perishable→imperishable; natural body→spiritual body), explaining how God changes the body given in resurrection — the broader theological point behind 15:38.
- Philippians 3:21 (thematic): Speaks of Christ transforming our 'lowly body' to be like his 'glorious body' by his power — a parallel teaching that God/Christ will give believers an appropriate, transformed body.
- Romans 8:23 (thematic): Speaks of believers waiting for 'the redemption of our bodies,' echoing the expectation that God will effect a bodily change or bestow a new bodily status as implied in 1 Cor 15:38.
Alternative generated candidates
- But God gives it a body as he has chosen, and to each kind of seed its own body.
- But God gives it a body as he pleases, and to each kind of seed its own body.
1Cor.15.39 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ου: PART,neg
- πασα: ADJ,nom,sg,f
- σαρξ: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- αυτη: PRON,dat,sg,f
- σαρξ: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- αλλα: CONJ
- αλλη: ADJ,nom,sg,f
- μεν: PART
- ανθρωπων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- αλλη: ADJ,nom,sg,f
- δε: CONJ
- σαρξ: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- κτηνων: NOUN,gen,pl,n
- αλλη: ADJ,nom,sg,f
- δε: CONJ
- σαρξ: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- πτηνων: NOUN,gen,pl,n
- αλλη: ADJ,nom,sg,f
- δε: CONJ
- ιχθυων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
Parallels
- 1 Corinthians 15:40-41 (structural): Immediate continuation of Paul's argument: after asserting different kinds of 'flesh' he distinguishes celestial and terrestrial bodies and different degrees of glory, developing the theme of varied body-types.
- 1 Corinthians 15:42-44 (verbal): Closely related language and argument about bodies—'sown a natural body, raised a spiritual body'—explicitly contrasts kinds of bodies/resurrection forms, echoing the claim that not all flesh is the same.
- Genesis 1:24-25 (thematic): Creation account that categorizes living creatures (beasts, birds, fish), providing the background taxonomy Paul echoes when distinguishing different kinds of 'flesh.'
- Philippians 3:20-21 (thematic): Paulic theme of bodily transformation at the eschaton—the lowly/earthly body is changed to a glorious/heavenly body, paralleling the idea that different kinds of bodies exist and will be transformed.
Alternative generated candidates
- Not all flesh is the same flesh. There is one kind for humans, another for animals, another for birds, another for fish.
- Not all flesh is the same flesh: humans have one kind of flesh, animals another, birds another, fish another.
1Cor.15.40 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- σωματα: NOUN,nom,pl,n
- επουρανια: ADJ,nom,pl,n
- και: CONJ
- σωματα: NOUN,nom,pl,n
- επιγεια·αλλα: ADJ,nom,pl,n
- ετερα: ADJ,dat,sg,f
- μεν: PART
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- επουρανιων: ADJ,gen,pl,n
- δοξα: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- ετερα: ADJ,dat,sg,f
- δε: CONJ
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- επιγειων: ADJ,gen,pl,n
Parallels
- 1 Corinthians 15:39 (verbal): Immediate verbal parallel in the same argument—distinguishes earthly creatures and heavenly bodies and sets up the contrast of different glories.
- 1 Corinthians 15:42-44 (structural): Develops the same contrast: what is sown perishable is raised imperishable and the natural body is contrasted with the spiritual body—expanding on differing kinds of bodies/glory.
- Philippians 3:21 (thematic): Speaks of Christ transforming our lowly (earthly) bodies to be like his glorious (heavenly) body—echoing the theme of differing glory between earthly and heavenly bodies.
- 2 Corinthians 5:1-2 (thematic): Contrasts the earthly 'tent' with a heavenly dwelling and expresses longing for the heavenly/eternal form—paralleling the earthly/heavenly distinction in body/dwelling.
Alternative generated candidates
- There are also heavenly bodies and earthly bodies; the glory of the heavenly is one, and the glory of the earthly is another.
- There are heavenly bodies and earthly bodies, and the glory of the heavenly is one kind, the glory of the earthly another.
1Cor.15.41 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- αλλη: ADJ,nom,sg,f
- δοξα: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- ηλιου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- αλλη: ADJ,nom,sg,f
- δοξα: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- σεληνης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- αλλη: ADJ,nom,sg,f
- δοξα: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- αστερων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- αστηρ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- γαρ: PART
- αστερος: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- διαφερει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- εν: PREP
- δοξη: NOUN,dat,sg,f
Parallels
- 1 Corinthians 15:40 (structural): Immediate context: verse 41 continues the argument begun in v.40 contrasting terrestrial and celestial bodies and introducing the idea of differing glories among heavenly bodies.
- 1 Corinthians 15:44 (structural): Close context and thesis: Paul contrasts the 'natural' and 'spiritual' body, using the variety of heavenly bodies (v.41) as an illustration of different kinds and degrees of glory for resurrected bodies.
- Genesis 1:16-18 (verbal): Creation account that distinguishes the greater light (sun), the lesser light (moon), and the stars—parallels Paul’s explicit mention of sun, moon, and stars and the notion of differing roles/glories among them.
- Psalm 148:3-4 (thematic): Psalter imagery invoking sun, moon, and stars in praise of God; shares the same celestial vocabulary and theological focus on the significance of heavenly bodies.
- Daniel 12:3 (thematic): Uses stellar imagery of shining brightness for the righteous ('shine like the brightness of the heavens' / 'like the stars'), echoing the idea of differing degrees of glory associated with celestial light.
Alternative generated candidates
- There is one glory of the sun, another glory of the moon, and another glory of the stars; for star differs from star in glory.
- There is one glory of the sun, and another glory of the moon, and another glory of the stars; for star differs from star in glory.
1Cor.15.42 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Ουτως: ADV
- και: CONJ
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- αναστασις: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- νεκρων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- σπειρεται: VERB,pres,pass,ind,3,sg
- εν: PREP
- φθορα: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- εγειρεται: VERB,pres,mid/pass,ind,3,sg
- εν: PREP
- αφθαρσια·: NOUN,dat,sg,f
Parallels
- 1 Cor. 15:44 (verbal): Repeats the sown/raised contrast and develops the parallel between a 'natural' (sown) and a 'spiritual' (raised) body, echoing the corruption→incorruption motif.
- 1 Cor. 15:53 (verbal): Speaks of the perishable putting on the imperishable and mortality putting on immortality, the same transformation from decay to incorruption implied in 15:42.
- 1 Cor. 15:21-22 (thematic): Places the resurrection of the dead in the larger argument about death and life through Adam and Christ, providing the theological ground for the sown/raised comparison.
- Phil. 3:20-21 (thematic): Affirms that Christ will transform our lowly/mortal bodies to be like his glorious/immortal body, paralleling Paul's emphasis on bodily change from perishable to imperishable.
- John 11:25 (thematic): Jesus' declaration 'I am the resurrection and the life' undergirds the hope that the dead will be raised to life, resonating with Paul's contrast between being sown in corruption and raised in incorruption.
Alternative generated candidates
- So also is the resurrection of the dead: what is sown is perishable; what is raised is imperishable.
- So it is with the resurrection of the dead: what is sown perishable is raised imperishable;
1Cor.15.43 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- σπειρεται: VERB,pres,pass,ind,3,sg
- εν: PREP
- ατιμια: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- εγειρεται: VERB,pres,pass,ind,3,sg
- εν: PREP
- δοξη·σπειρεται: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- εν: PREP
- ασθενεια: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- εγειρεται: VERB,pres,pass,ind,3,sg
- εν: PREP
- δυναμει·: NOUN,dat,sg,f
Parallels
- 1 Corinthians 15:42 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same paragraph: sown/raised contrasts (sown in corruption, raised in incorruption) establish the paired oppositions echoed in v.43 (dishonor/glory; weakness/power).
- 1 Corinthians 15:44 (verbal): Continues the sequence of contrasts about the body (natural vs. spiritual), complementing the honor/glory and weakness/power language of v.43.
- Philippians 3:21 (thematic): Paul's hope that Christ will transform our lowly bodies to be like his glorious body echoes the theme of being raised in glory and power.
- Romans 6:5 (thematic): The motif of sharing in Christ's death and being united with him in resurrection parallels the eschatological expectation of being raised in a transformed, powerful state.
- Isaiah 26:19 (allusion): Old Testament background for resurrection hope ('Your dead shall live; their bodies shall rise'), which informs Paul's language of bodies raised from dishonor/weakness to glory/power.
Alternative generated candidates
- It is sown in dishonor; it is raised in glory. It is sown in weakness; it is raised in power.
- it is sown in dishonor, it is raised in glory; it is sown in weakness, it is raised in power;
1Cor.15.44 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- σπειρεται: VERB,pres,pass,ind,3,sg
- σωμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- ψυχικον: ADJ,nom,sg,n
- εγειρεται: VERB,pres,pass,ind,3,sg
- σωμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- πνευματικον: ADJ,acc,sg,n
- Ει: PART
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- σωμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- ψυχικον: ADJ,nom,sg,n
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- πνευματικον: ADJ,acc,sg,n
Parallels
- 1 Corinthians 15:42-43 (verbal): Immediate context using the same language of 'σπείρεται... ἐγείρεται' and the contrast perishable/imperishable, dishonor/glory, weak/powerful—same sown/raised and body adjectives as 15:44.
- 1 Corinthians 15:45 (quotation): Paul explicitly cites Genesis (the 'first man Adam became a living soul') and contrasts him with the 'last Adam' as a life‑giving spirit, tying the soul/spiritual distinction in 15:44 to the Adam typology.
- 1 Corinthians 15:46 (structural): Follows and develops 15:44's contrast, stating directly that what is 'sown' is a 'natural' (ψυχικός/χόϊκος) body and what is raised is 'spiritual'—the immediate structural parallel.
- Genesis 2:7 (quotation): The origin of the language 'living soul' (ψυχή)—'formed man...and he became a living being'—which Paul alludes to in his soul/spirit contrast and in 15:45's Adam citation.
- Luke 24:39 (thematic): Jesus' post‑resurrection declaration ('a spirit does not have flesh and bones, as you see I have') illustrates the biblical theme that the risen body is both bodily and transformed—relevant to Paul’s distinction between 'ψυχικὸν' (soulish) and 'πνευματικὸν' (spiritual) bodies.
Alternative generated candidates
- It is sown a natural body; it is raised a spiritual body. If there is a natural body, there is also a spiritual body.
- it is sown a natural body, it is raised a spiritual body. If there is a natural body, there is also a spiritual body.
1Cor.15.45 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ουτως: ADV
- και: CONJ
- γεγραπται·Εγενετο: VERB,perf,pas,ind,3,sg + VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- πρωτος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- ανθρωπος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- Αδαμ: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- εις: PREP
- ψυχην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- ζωσαν·ο: PART,pres,act,acc,sg,f + ART,nom,sg,m
- εσχατος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- Αδαμ: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- εις: PREP
- πνευμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- ζωοποιουν: PART,pres,act,nom,sg,m
Parallels
- Genesis 2:7 (quotation): The creation wording: God formed man and he became 'a living soul'—the OT source Paul cites for 'the first man Adam became a living soul.'
- 1 Corinthians 15:22 (verbal): Close parallel in the same argument: 'For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive,' contrasting Adam and Christ as sources of death and life.
- 1 Corinthians 15:47 (structural): Immediate contrast within the chapter: 'The first man is of the earth, earthy: the second man is the Lord from heaven,' reinforcing the Adam/Christ typology.
- Romans 5:18-19 (thematic): Theological development of the Adam–Christ contrast: through Adam's disobedience came condemnation for many, through Christ's obedience comes justification and life.
Alternative generated candidates
- Thus it is written: 'The first man Adam became a living being'; the last Adam became a life-giving spirit.
- Thus it is written: “The first man Adam became a living being”; the last Adam became a life-giving spirit.
1Cor.15.46 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- αλλ᾽ου: CONJ
- πρωτον: ADV
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- πνευματικον: ADJ,acc,sg,n
- αλλα: CONJ
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- ψυχικον: ADJ,nom,sg,neut
- επειτα: ADV
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- πνευματικον: ADJ,acc,sg,n
Parallels
- 1 Corinthians 15:44 (verbal): Direct contrast of 'natural' (ψυχικόν / σωματιχὸν) and 'spiritual' (πνευματικὸν) bodies—same terminology and resurrection contrast as v.46.
- 1 Corinthians 15:45 (structural): Draws the Adam/Christ typology (first man 'became a living being', last Adam 'a life-giving spirit') that undergirds the sequence 'natural then spiritual' in v.46.
- 1 Corinthians 15:47 (verbal): Continues the contrast begun in v.46—'first man from the earth' versus 'second man from heaven'—reinforcing the chronology of natural then spiritual.
- 1 Corinthians 2:14 (verbal): Uses the same adjective ψυχικὸς ('natural'/'soulish') to describe the person who does not receive the things of the Spirit, echoing the Paul's contrast between ψυχικὸς and πνευματικὸς.
- John 3:6 (thematic): Thematic parallel in distinguishing what is 'of the flesh/natural' and what is 'of the Spirit'—'that which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit.'
Alternative generated candidates
- But the spiritual did not come first; the natural came first, then the spiritual.
- But the spiritual was not first, but the natural; then the spiritual.
1Cor.15.47 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- πρωτος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- ανθρωπος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- εκ: PREP
- γης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- χοικος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- δευτερος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- ανθρωπος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- εξ: PREP
- ουρανου: NOUN,gen,sg,masc
Parallels
- Genesis 2:7 (structural): Describes the formation of the first man from the dust of the ground—basis for Paul's 'first man from earth' language about Adam's earthly origin.
- 1 Corinthians 15:45 (quotation): Immediate parallel in the same chapter: Paul contrasts the 'first man' (Adam) with the 'last Adam,' linking the earthly first man to the heavenly/redeeming figure.
- John 8:23 (verbal): Jesus' statement 'You are from below; I am from above' uses the same contrast of earthly/below and heavenly/above origins that underlies Paul's distinction.
- Romans 5:12-21 (thematic): Paul's broader theological contrast between Adam (whose sin brings death) and Christ (whose act brings life/restoration) develops the idea of two representative figures—one earthly, one bringing heavenly life.
- 1 Corinthians 15:48-49 (structural): Immediate continuation of 15:47: draws out the parallel between the 'earthly' man and those of the earth and the 'heavenly' man and those who are heavenly, echoing the same origin-contrast.
Alternative generated candidates
- The first man is from the earth, earthy; the second man is from heaven.
- The first man is from the earth, earthy; the second man is from heaven.
1Cor.15.48 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- οιος: ADV
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- χοικος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- τοιουτοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- χοικοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- οιος: ADV
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- επουρανιος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- τοιουτοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- επουρανιοι·: ADJ,nom,pl,m
Parallels
- 1 Corinthians 15:47 (structural): Immediate context: contrasts the 'man of dust' with the 'man of heaven'—this verse is the continuation of that paired contrast.
- Genesis 2:7 (verbal): The creation of the first man from the dust of the ground provides the background for 'man of dust' language and the earthly origin motif.
- Genesis 3:19 (verbal): 'For you are dust' language undergirds the biblical motif of humans as earthly/dustly, echoed in Paul’s 'of the dust' designation.
- Romans 5:12-19 (thematic): Develops the Adam-Christ typology: Adam as representative of the earthly, sin-bearing humanity and Christ as the life-giving, heavenly-representative—paralleling the dust/heaven contrast.
- Philippians 3:20-21 (thematic): Speaks of believers' citizenship in heaven and the transformation of our lowly bodies into a heavenly likeness—corresponds to being 'of the heaven' and receiving a heavenly likeness.
Alternative generated candidates
- As was the one made of dust, so are those who are of the dust; and as is the heavenly one, so are those who are heavenly.
- As was the earthly one, so are those who are earthly; and as is the heavenly one, so are those who are heavenly.
1Cor.15.49 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- καθως: CONJ
- εφορεσαμεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,pl
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- εικονα: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- χοικου: ADJ,gen,sg,m
- φορεσομεν: VERB,fut,act,ind,1,pl
- και: CONJ
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- εικονα: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- επουρανιου: ADJ,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Genesis 1:26-27 (thematic): Introduces the foundational idea of humans bearing an 'image' (the image of God); 1 Cor 15:49 adopts 'image' language to contrast earthly and heavenly likenesses.
- Romans 8:29 (verbal): Speaks of believers being 'conformed to the image of his Son'—uses the same image-language to describe transformation into a new likeness.
- Philippians 3:20-21 (thematic): Describes the transformation of our lowly/earthly body to be like Christ's glorious/heavenly body, paralleling 'bearing the image of the heavenly.'
- 2 Corinthians 3:18 (verbal): States that believers are 'transformed into the same image' from one degree of glory to another, echoing the motif of being changed into a heavenly image.
- Colossians 3:10 (allusion): Speaks of the 'new self' being renewed 'in knowledge after the image of its Creator,' alluding to renewal/likeness language related to bearing a divine/heavenly image.
Alternative generated candidates
- Just as we have borne the image of the one of dust, we shall also bear the image of the heavenly one.
- Just as we have borne the image of the man of dust, we shall also bear the image of the man from heaven.
1Cor.15.50 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Τουτο: PRON,nom,sg,n
- δε: CONJ
- φημι: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- αδελφοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- οτι: CONJ
- σαρξ: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- αιμα: NOUN,nom,sg,neut
- βασιλειαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- κληρονομησαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- ου: PART,neg
- δυναται: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,sg
- ουδε: CONJ,neg
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- φθορα: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- αφθαρσιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- κληρονομει: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- 1 Corinthians 15:42-44 (verbal): Same resurrection contrast language — 'sown perishable, raised imperishable' and the distinction between a natural (ψυχικὸν) and spiritual (πνευματικὸν) body echoes 15:50's perishable/imperishable and flesh/blood contrast.
- 1 Corinthians 15:53 (verbal): Direct parallel phrasing: 'this perishable must put on the imperishable, and this mortal must put on immortality' reiterates 15:50's claim that flesh and blood cannot inherit God's kingdom.
- 2 Corinthians 5:1-4 (thematic): Speaks of the earthly (mortal) body as a tent to be replaced by a heavenly (immortal) dwelling — paralleling the idea that mortal/fleshly existence cannot inherit the imperishable kingdom.
- Philippians 3:20-21 (thematic): Describes believers' heavenly citizenship and Christ's transforming power 'to transform our lowly body to be like his glorious body,' aligning with the necessity of a transformed (imperishable) body for participation in God's kingdom.
- Romans 8:10-11 (thematic): Contrasts mortal/fleshly death with life by the Spirit — the Spirit giving life to mortal bodies — which addresses how mortal 'flesh and blood' are overcome for entrance into God's life/kingdom.
Alternative generated candidates
- I tell you this, brothers: flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God, nor does the perishable inherit the imperishable.
- I tell you this, brothers: flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God, nor does the perishable inherit the imperishable.
1Cor.15.51 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ιδου: PART
- μυστηριον: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
- λεγω·παντες: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- ου: PART,neg
- κοιμηθησομεθα: VERB,fut,mid/pass,ind,1,pl
- παντες: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- δε: CONJ
- αλλαγησομεθα: VERB,fut,mid/pass,ind,1,pl
Parallels
- 1 Corinthians 15:52 (structural): Immediate continuation describing the manner and timing of the promised change (trumpet, instant transformation).
- 1 Corinthians 15:42-44 (verbal): Paul's exposition on the nature of resurrection transformation (perishable to imperishable; natural body to spiritual body) develops the 'we shall all be changed' claim.
- 1 Thessalonians 4:15-17 (thematic): Speaks of the living and the dead at the Lord's coming—those 'who are alive, who are left' being caught up—paralleling the promise that not all will 'sleep' and all will be transformed.
- Philippians 3:20-21 (thematic): Affirms that Christ will transform 'our lowly body' to be like his glorious body, echoing the theme of bodily transformation at Christ's coming.
- Romans 8:23 (thematic): Speaks of believers 'waiting for the redemption of our bodies,' connecting to the eschatological change Paul announces in 1 Corinthians 15:51.
Alternative generated candidates
- Behold! I tell you a mystery: we will not all sleep, but we will all be changed.
- Behold — I tell you a mystery: we shall not all fall asleep, but we shall all be changed,
1Cor.15.52 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- εν: PREP
- ατομω: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- εν: PREP
- ριπη: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- οφθαλμου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- εν: PREP
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- εσχατη: ADJ,dat,sg,f
- σαλπιγγι·σαλπισει: NOUN,dat,sg,f;VERB,fut,act,ind,3,sg
- γαρ: PART
- και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- νεκροι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- εγερθησονται: VERB,fut,pass,ind,3,pl
- αφθαρτοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- ημεις: PRON,nom,pl,1
- αλλαγησομεθα: VERB,fut,mid,ind,1,pl
Parallels
- 1 Thessalonians 4:16 (verbal): Mentions the Lord’s descent 'with the trumpet of God' and that 'the dead in Christ will rise'—directly parallels the trumpet imagery and the resurrection of the dead in 1 Cor 15:52.
- Matthew 24:30-31 (thematic): Describes the Son of Man coming with power and 'a great trumpet' to gather the elect—shares end‑time trumpet sounding and gathering/resurrection motifs.
- Daniel 12:2 (allusion): Old Testament prophecy that many who sleep in the dust shall awake to everlasting life—provides the Hebrew Scriptures background for the resurrection Paul affirms.
- Isaiah 25:8 (allusion): Speaks of God swallowing up death forever and wiping away tears—thematically parallels the victory over death and the coming imperishability in 1 Cor 15:52.
- 1 Corinthians 15:53 (structural): Immediately explains the result of the event in v.52: 'this perishable must put on the imperishable'—directly linked to 'the dead will be raised imperishable, and we shall be changed.'
Alternative generated candidates
- In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised imperishable, and we will be changed.
- in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised imperishable, and we shall be changed.
1Cor.15.53 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- δει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- γαρ: PART
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- φθαρτον: ADJ,acc,sg,m
- τουτο: PRON,nom,sg,n
- ενδυσασθαι: VERB,aor,mid,inf
- αφθαρσιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- θνητον: ADJ,nom,sg,n
- τουτο: PRON,nom,sg,n
- ενδυσασθαι: VERB,aor,mid,inf
- αθανασιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
Parallels
- 1 Corinthians 15:42 (verbal): Uses the same contrast of perishable/imperishable and sown/raised language about the resurrection body (sown perishable, raised imperishable).
- 1 Corinthians 15:54 (verbal): Close continuation of the same argument—'when this perishable has been clothed with the imperishable' repeats the clothing metaphor and consummation of victory over death.
- 2 Corinthians 5:1-4 (thematic): Speaks of the 'earthly tent' and being 'clothed' rather than 'unclothed,' hoping that mortality will be swallowed up by life—same imagery of putting on an imperishable/immortal state.
- 1 Thessalonians 4:16-17 (thematic): Describes the resurrection/transformation of the dead and living believers at Christ's coming—parallel eschatological promise of deliverance from death into life/immortality.
- Romans 6:23 (thematic): Contrasts death (mortality) with the gift of God—eternal life—highlighting the Pauline theme of passing from death to life/immortality through God’s action.
Alternative generated candidates
- For this perishable must clothe itself with the imperishable, and this mortal must clothe itself with immortality.
- For this perishable must put on the imperishable, and this mortal must put on immortality.
1Cor.15.54 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- οταν: CONJ
- δε: CONJ
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- φθαρτον: ADJ,acc,sg,m
- τουτο: PRON,nom,sg,n
- ενδυσηται: VERB,aor,mid,subj,3,sg
- αφθαρσιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- θνητον: ADJ,nom,sg,n
- τουτο: PRON,nom,sg,n
- ενδυσηται: VERB,aor,mid,subj,3,sg
- αθανασιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- τοτε: ADV
- γενησεται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- λογος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- γεγραμμενος·Κατεποθη: PART,perf,pass,nom,sg,m+VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- θανατος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- εις: PREP
- νικος: NOUN,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- Isaiah 25:8 (quotation): Paul echoes/quotes the OT saying (LXX/MT) that God will 'swallow up death' — the direct source of 'Death is swallowed up in victory.'
- 2 Timothy 1:10 (verbal): Speaks of Christ abolishing death and bringing life and immortality to light — language and concepts (death defeated, immortality) closely parallel Paul’s wording.
- Hebrews 2:14-15 (thematic): Describes the Son destroying the power of death and freeing those enslaved by its fear — parallels the theme of death’s decisive defeat.
- Revelation 21:4 (thematic): Portrays the eschatological end of death ('there shall be no more death'), echoing the consummation in which death is overcome.
- 1 Corinthians 15:26 (structural): Earlier verse in the same chapter calls death 'the last enemy' to be destroyed, directly connected to the declaration that death is swallowed up in victory.
Alternative generated candidates
- When the perishable has put on the imperishable, and the mortal has put on immortality, then will come to pass the saying that is written: 'Death is swallowed up in victory.'
- When the perishable has put on the imperishable and the mortal has put on immortality, then shall come to pass the saying that is written: “Death is swallowed up in victory.”
1Cor.15.55 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- που: ADV
- σου: PRON,gen,sg,2
- θανατε: NOUN,voc,sg,m
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- νικος: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- που: ADV
- σου: PRON,gen,sg,2
- θανατε: NOUN,voc,sg,m
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- κεντρον: NOUN,nom,sg,n
Parallels
- Hosea 13:14 (LXX) (quotation): Paul echoes the LXX wording addressed to Death (Ὦ θάνατε, ποῦ τὸ νῖκος;), using Hosea's taunt against death as a prophetic victory-saying.
- Isaiah 25:8 (quotation): Closely linked in 1 Cor 15:54–55: Isaiah's 'He will swallow up death forever' supplies the victory motif that frames the taunt 'O Death, where is your sting?'
- 1 Corinthians 15:26 (structural): Same chapter's development: 'The last enemy to be destroyed is death' provides the immediate context and theological point that culminates in the taunting question at v.55.
- Hebrews 2:14–15 (thematic): Develops the same theological idea—through Christ's death and resurrection the power of death (and the fear of it) is broken, paralleling Paul's proclamation of death's defeat.
Alternative generated candidates
- O death, where is your victory? O death, where is your sting?
- “O Death, where is your victory? O Death, where is your sting?”
1Cor.15.56 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- δε: CONJ
- κεντρον: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θανατου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- αμαρτια: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- δε: CONJ
- δυναμις: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- αμαρτιας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- νομος·: NOUN,nom,sg,m
Parallels
- Romans 8:2 (verbal): Speaks of the ‘law of the Spirit of life’ freeing from the ‘law of sin and death’—close verbal and conceptual parallel to ‘the power of sin is the law.’
- Romans 6:23 (thematic): States that ‘the wages of sin is death,’ linking sin directly as the cause/consequence of death, paralleling ‘the sting of death is sin.’
- Romans 7:7-13 (allusion): Paul argues that the commandment (law) reveals and energizes sin, making it produce death—develops the same idea that the law gives power to sin.
- Hosea 13:14 (LXX) (quotation): The Old Testament source Paul cites in 1 Corinthians 15:55 about the ‘sting’/victory over death; provides the OT background for the claim about death’s sting.
- Hebrews 2:14-15 (thematic): Describes Christ’s defeat of the one who had the power of death and deliverance from the fear of death—connects to Paul’s focus on sin’s relation to death and Christ’s victory over it.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sting of death is sin, and the power of sin is the law.
- The sting of death is sin, and the power of sin is the law.
1Cor.15.57 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- θεω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- χαρις: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- διδοντι: VERB,pres,act,part,dat,sg,m
- ημιν: PRON,dat,pl,1
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- νικος: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- δια: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- κυριου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
- Ιησου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- Χριστου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- 2 Cor.2.14 (verbal): Also begins with thanksgiving to God and speaks of being led in triumph through Christ (cf. 'thanks be to God' and 'triumph in Christ').
- Rom.8.37 (thematic): Affirms believers' victory through Christ ('more than conquerors through him who loved us'), echoing the claim of victory in 1 Cor 15:57.
- Col.2.15 (structural): Describes Christ's decisive triumph over powers (disarming and triumphing by the cross), providing the theological basis for believers' victory.
- 1 John 5.4-5 (thematic): Links faith in Jesus to victory over the world, parallel to the declaration that God gives us the victory through Jesus Christ.
- Rom.16.20 (verbal): Promises God will soon crush Satan under your feet and closes with 'the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ,' echoing both the victory motif and the benedictional/Christological language.
Alternative generated candidates
- But thanks be to God, who gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ.
- But thanks be to God, who gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ.
1Cor.15.58 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Ωστε: CONJ
- αδελφοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- αγαπητοι: ADJ,voc,pl,m
- εδραιοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- γινεσθε: VERB,pres,mid/pass,imp,2,pl
- αμετακινητοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- περισσευοντες: PART,pres,act,nom,pl,m
- εν: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- εργω: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- κυριου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- παντοτε: ADV
- ειδοτες: PTCP,perf,act,nom,pl,m
- οτι: CONJ
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- κοπος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- υμων: PRON,gen,pl,2
- ουκ: PART,neg
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- κενος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- εν: PREP
- κυριω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
Parallels
- Galatians 6:9 (thematic): Encourages perseverance in doing good with the promise of a harvest if one does not grow weary — parallels the call to be steadfast and not have labor be in vain.
- Philippians 2:16 (verbal): Paul speaks of not having 'run in vain' or 'labored in vain,' echoing 1 Cor 15:58's assurance that believers' labor in the Lord is not empty.
- Colossians 1:10 (thematic): Exhorts believers to walk worthy of the Lord, bearing fruit and increasing in good works — closely related to 'abounding in the work of the Lord.'
- Hebrews 6:10 (thematic): Affirms that God is just and will not forget believers' work and labor of love, providing the same assurance that such service is not in vain.
- 1 Thessalonians 1:3 (verbal): Commends 'work of faith, labor of love, and steadfastness of hope,' language that overlaps with 1 Cor 15:58's themes of steadfastness, labor, and faithful service.
Alternative generated candidates
- Therefore, my beloved brothers, be steadfast, immovable, always abounding in the work of the Lord, knowing that your labor is not in vain in the Lord.
- Therefore, my beloved brothers, be steadfast, immovable, always abounding in the work of the Lord, knowing that your labor is not in vain in the Lord.
But someone will say, “How are the dead raised? With what kind of body do they come?”
Foolish one! What you sow does not come to life unless it dies. And what you sow is not the body that will be, but a bare seed—perhaps of wheat or of some other grain;
but God gives it a body as he pleases, and to each of the seeds its own body.
Not all flesh is the same: there is flesh of men, and flesh of animals, and flesh of birds, and flesh of fish.
There are also heavenly bodies and earthly bodies; and the glory of the heavenly is one, and the glory of the earthly is another.
One star differs from another star in glory; so also is the sun, and the moon, and the stars differ in glory. So also is the resurrection of the dead: what is sown perishable is raised imperishable;
it is sown in dishonor, it is raised in glory; it is sown in weakness, it is raised in power;
it is sown a natural body, it is raised a spiritual body. If there is a natural body, there is also a spiritual body. Thus it is written, “The first man Adam became a living soul”; the last Adam became a life-giving spirit. But the spiritual was not first, but the natural; then the spiritual.
The first man is from the earth, made of dust; the second man is from heaven.
As was the man of dust, so are those who are of the dust; and as is the man of heaven, so are those who are heavenly.
Just as we bore the image of the man of dust, we shall also bear the image of the heavenly man. Now I say this, brothers: flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God, nor does the perishable inherit the imperishable.
Behold, I tell you a mystery: we shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed—
in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised imperishable, and we shall be changed.
For this perishable must put on the imperishable, and this mortal must put on immortality.
When this perishable has put on the imperishable, and this mortal has put on immortality, then shall come to pass the saying that is written: “Death is swallowed up in victory.”
“O Death, where is your sting? O Hades, where is your victory?”
The sting of death is sin, and the power of sin is the law. But thanks be to God, who gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ.
Therefore, my beloved brothers, be steadfast, immovable, always abounding in the work of the Lord, knowing that your labor is not in vain in the Lord.