Hezekiah's Temple Restoration and Religious Reforms
2 Chronicles 29:1-36
2 C.29.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- יחזקיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- וחמש: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,abs
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ועשרים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- ותשע: NUM
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ושם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אמו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- אביה: NOUN,m,sg,suff
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- זכריהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 18:1-2 (quotation): Nearly identical regnal formula: Hezekiah’s age at accession, length of reign in Jerusalem, and his mother’s name (Abijah daughter of Zechariah) are recorded verbatim in the Kings account.
- 2 Kings 18:3-7 (thematic): Continuation in Kings that characterizes Hezekiah’s reign—his trust in the LORD, removal of high places, and covenantal faithfulness—providing the narrative context for the regnal data given in 2 Chronicles 29:1.
- Isaiah 36:1 (structural): Isaiah uses Hezekiah’s regnal years as chronological markers for Assyrian envoys’ interactions with Judah (e.g., 'in the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah'), situating events within the same reign introduced in 2 Chronicles 29:1.
- 2 Chronicles 32:33 (allusion): Later Chronicles passage that summarizes Hezekiah’s life and reign (including his death and succession), linking back to the regnal summary formula that begins in 2 Chronicles 29:1.
Alternative generated candidates
- Hezekiah was twenty‑five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned twenty‑nine years in Jerusalem; his mother's name was Abijah daughter of Zechariah.
- Hezekiah was twenty‑five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned twenty‑nine years in Jerusalem. His mother's name was Abijah daughter of Zechariah.
2 C.29.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הישר: ADJ,m,sg,def
- בעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ככל: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אביו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Kings 18:3 (verbal): Parallel account of Hezekiah in Kings: uses nearly identical wording — he “did what was right in the sight of the LORD, according to all that David his father had done.” (direct verbal parallel).
- 2 Chronicles 34:2 (verbal): Josiah is described with similar language: he “did what was right in the eyes of the LORD, and walked in the ways of his father David,” echoing the formula that links good kingship to following David’s example.
- Psalm 78:70-72 (thematic): These verses present David as God’s chosen shepherd who led Israel with integrity of heart and skillful hands — the theological model that later kings (like Hezekiah) are said to emulate.
- 1 Kings 9:4-5 (structural): God’s covenant promise to Solomon ties dynastic blessing to a king’s conduct ‘if you walk before me as David your father walked,’ providing the covenantal framework behind the chronicler’s praise of kings who follow David.
Alternative generated candidates
- He did what was right in the sight of the LORD, as David his father had done.
- He did what was right in the sight of the LORD, according to all that David his father had done.
2 C.29.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- בשנה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הראשונה: ADJ,f,sg,def
- למלכו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- בחדש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- הראשון: ADJ,m,sg,def
- פתח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- דלתות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ויחזקם: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Kings 18:3-6 (structural): Parallel narrative of Hezekiah’s early reign and his religious reforms; both accounts place temple-restoration measures at the start of his rule.
- Psalm 24:7 (verbal): Uses gate/door imagery—'Lift up your heads, O gates'—that echoes the motif of opening sacred doors for the LORD’s presence, resonant with opening the temple doors.
- Ezra 6:16 (thematic): Describes the completion and dedication of the rebuilt temple and the restoration of worship after repair—thematively parallel to Hezekiah’s opening and repairing of the house of the LORD.
- Nehemiah 3:1 (structural): Records the repair of a temple-area gate (the Sheep Gate) in the postexilic restoration, paralleling Hezekiah’s repair and reopening of the temple doors as part of cultic restoration.
Alternative generated candidates
- In the first year of his reign, in the first month, he opened the doors of the house of the LORD and repaired them.
- In the first year of his reign, in the first month, he opened the doors of the house of the LORD and repaired them.
2 C.29.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויבא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ואת: CONJ
- הלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ויאספם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- לרחוב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המזרח: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 15:11-12 (verbal): David assembles the priests and Levites to bring the ark and to sanctify themselves—closely parallels the language and cultic purpose of gathering priests and Levites.
- Nehemiah 8:1 (verbal): All the people are gathered 'into the street' before the Water Gate to hear the law—echoes the imagery of assembling in a public street for a religious purpose.
- Leviticus 8:2-4 (thematic): Moses summons Aaron and his sons and the congregation to the entrance of the tent to consecrate the priests—parallels the theme of calling priests/Levites together for ritual commissioning.
- Ezra 8:15 (thematic): Ezra 'assembled' the exiles (including Levites) at the river Ahava before the journey—a comparable use of assembly language for organizing priests/Levites in a cultic/communal context.
Alternative generated candidates
- He brought in the priests and the Levites and gathered them at the east street.
- He brought in the priests and the Levites and gathered them to the east street.
2 C.29.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- שמעוני: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg,obj:1,sg
- הלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- עתה: ADV
- התקדשו: VERB,hitpael,impv,2,m,pl
- וקדשו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- אבתיכם: NOUN,m,pl,cons+PRON,2,pl
- והוציאו: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- הנדה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- מן: PREP
- הקדש: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Numbers 8:5-7 (verbal): God commands Moses to sanctify and cleanse the Levites so they may serve — language and ritual cleansing of Levites (קדש/טהור) closely parallel Hezekiah's call to 'sanctify yourselves' and prepare the Levites for temple service.
- Leviticus 16:16-19 (verbal): On the Day of Atonement the high priest purges and makes atonement for the holy place, removing its uncleanness — parallels the injunction to 'take away the filthiness from the holy place.'
- Leviticus 20:7 (thematic): The general command 'Sanctify yourselves therefore, and be holy' uses the same root and holiness ethic — an admonition to personal and cultic consecration similar to Hezekiah's charge to the Levites.
- 2 Chronicles 29:15 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel: the king commands the Levites to cleanse themselves and they enter to cleanse the house of the LORD — a direct continuation and repetition of the same charge in v.5.
- 2 Chronicles 34:3-7 (thematic): Josiah's temple reforms and purging of Judah and Jerusalem echo Hezekiah's project to sanctify the temple and remove idolatrous/unclean elements — a structurally similar royal restoration motif.
Alternative generated candidates
- He said to them, 'Hear me, Levites: now consecrate yourselves and sanctify the house of the LORD, the God of your fathers, and remove the defilement from the holy place.'
- He said to them, “Hear me, Levites: now sanctify yourselves and consecrate the house of the LORD, the God of your fathers, and remove the defilement from the holy place.”
2 C.29.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- מעלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- אבתינו: NOUN,m,pl,suff:1pl
- ועשו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
- הרע: ADJ,m,sg,def
- בעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1,pl
- ויעזבהו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg+3,m
- ויסבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- פניהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- ממשכן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ויתנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ערף: ADJ,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 2:13 (verbal): Speaks of Israel forsaking God — 'the fountain of living waters' — and turning to other things, paralleling the charge that ancestors abandoned the LORD and turned away from his dwelling.
- Psalm 106:6-7 (thematic): A communal confession that 'we have sinned with our fathers' and recounting ancestral unfaithfulness, echoing the acknowledgement that the fathers did evil and forsook God.
- Ezra 9:6 (allusion): Ezra's humbled confession that their iniquities and their fathers' sins have made them ashamed to lift their faces to God—similar language of ancestral guilt and turning away from God.
- 2 Chronicles 36:15-16 (structural): Describes Israel's repeated rejection of God's messengers and consequent judgment—provides background context for the claim that the people had forsaken the LORD and turned away from his house.
Alternative generated candidates
- For our fathers have trespassed and done evil in the sight of the LORD our God; they have forsaken him, turned their faces away from the dwelling place of the LORD, and turned their backs.
- For our fathers have transgressed and done evil in the sight of the LORD our God; they have forsaken him and turned their faces away from the dwelling of the LORD and turned their backs.
2 C.29.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- גם: ADV
- סגרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- דלתות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- האולם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויכבו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- הנרות: NOUN,m,pl,def
- וקטרת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- הקטירו: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,pl
- ועלה: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- העלו: VERB,hifil,perf,3,pl
- בקדש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לאלהי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,const
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Exodus 30:7-8 (verbal): Prescribes regular burning of incense and tending of the lamps in the sanctuary — the verse in Chronicles reports that lamps were extinguished and incense not offered, violating this ritual prescription.
- Leviticus 24:2 (verbal): Commands that the lamps be kept burning continually before the LORD; 2 Chron 29:7 notes the lamps had been put out, underscoring neglect of this command.
- 2 Chronicles 34:8-11 (thematic): Describes Josiah's later purification and repair of the temple after a period of neglect — parallels Hezekiah's reform in 2 Chr 29 where temple worship (lights, incense, offerings) had ceased and is then restored.
- 2 Chronicles 36:19-21 (thematic): Records the eventual destruction of the temple and cessation of its services leading to exile; thematically related as another consequence/context of discontinued worship and profaned sanctuary practices.
Alternative generated candidates
- They shut the doors of the vestibule, put out the lamps, did not burn incense, and did not offer burnt offerings in the sanctuary to the God of Israel.
- They shut the doors of the porch and put out the lamps; they did not burn incense or offer burnt offerings in the holy place to the God of Israel.
2 C.29.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- קצף: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- וירושלם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויתנם: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg,obj:3mp
- לזעוה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לשמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ולשרקה: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כאשר: CONJ
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- ראים: VERB,qal,part,?,m,pl
- בעיניכם: PREP+NOUN,pl,f,cons+PRON,2,pl
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 36:16-21 (thematic): Narrative parallel: describes Judah's persistent provocation of God, His wrath, and the consequent handing over of Jerusalem to enemies and exile (explicitly ties sin to divine punishment and spoil).
- Psalm 78:59-62 (verbal): Close verbal/thematic parallel: God is described as angry with Israel, abandoning them and giving them into the hand of the spoilers/foreigners who rule over them (same images of wrath and captivity).
- Deuteronomy 28:25, 37 (thematic): Deuteronomic curse tradition: disobedience brings the LORD's anger, defeat before enemies, becoming a byword and reproach among nations—echoes the shame and spoil language of 2 Chr 29:8.
- Isaiah 1:7-9 (thematic): Prophetic depiction of Jerusalem/Judah under divine judgment: cities wasted, the people humbled and a remnant preserved—resonates with the motif of God's anger producing devastation and shame.
Alternative generated candidates
- The anger of the LORD came upon Judah and Jerusalem, and he delivered them to be a reproach and a taunt, as you yourselves now see with your eyes.
- Therefore the wrath of the LORD was upon Judah and Jerusalem, and he gave them over to distress and to be an object of scorn, as you yourselves now see.
2 C.29.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והנה: ADV
- נפלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- אבותינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+1cp
- בחרב: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ובנינו: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs+1pl
- ובנותינו: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs+1pl
- ונשינו: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs+1pl
- בשבי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- זאת: DEM,f,sg
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 28:32 (thematic): Promises/curses for disobedience include that your sons and daughters will be given to another people—parallels the motif of children taken away into captivity as judgment.
- Leviticus 26:17 (thematic): Warns that God will set His face against Israel so they shall fall by the sword—echoes the causal link between sin and fathers falling by the sword in 2 Chr 29:9.
- 2 Chronicles 36:20 (structural): Describes the survivors of Judah being carried into Babylon because of idolatry—a later, fuller fulfillment of the same consequence (sons/daughters taken into captivity) cited in 2 Chr 29:9.
- 2 Kings 25:7 (thematic): Narrates the slaughter of a king’s sons and the taking of the king into captivity—a concrete historical parallel to the image of fathers slain and families carried off in 2 Chr 29:9.
Alternative generated candidates
- Behold, our fathers fell by the sword, and our sons and daughters and our wives are carried away as captives because of this.
- Behold, our fathers fell by the sword, and our sons and daughters and our wives are carried away captive.
2 C.29.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- עתה: ADV
- עם: PREP
- לבבי: NOUN,m,sg,suff
- לכרות: VERB,qal,inf
- ברית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ממנו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- חרון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אפו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,suff3ms
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 15:12-15 (thematic): Asa and the people 'entered into a covenant to seek the LORD,' a covenant-renewal movement like Hezekiah's call to covenant and avert divine anger.
- Joshua 24:25 (structural): Joshua 'made a covenant' with the people at Shechem—same formal act of covenanting before the LORD that 2 Chr 29:10 urges.
- 2 Kings 23:3 (verbal): King Josiah 'made a covenant before the LORD' to follow him—language and priestly/royal renewal parallel Hezekiah's covenantal summons.
- Nehemiah 10:29 (cf. Nehemiah 9:38) (thematic): The returned exiles 'entered into a curse and into an oath to walk in God's law'—a post-exilic covenant renewal and binding commitment comparable to Hezekiah's covenant to seek the LORD and turn away wrath.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now with a loyal heart let us make a covenant with the LORD, the God of our fathers, that he may turn from his fierce anger.
- Now with a loyal heart come, let us make a covenant with the LORD, the God of Israel, that his fierce anger may turn away from us.
2 C.29.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- עתה: ADV
- אל: NEG
- תשלו: VERB,qal,juss,2,m,pl
- כי: CONJ
- בכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- בחר: VERB,qal,perf,3,ms
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לעמד: VERB,qal,inf
- לפניו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- לשרתו: VERB,qal,inf,3,m,sg
- ולהיות: CONJ+VERB,qal,inf
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- משרתים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ומקטרים: CONJ+VERB,piel,ptcp,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Exodus 28:1 (verbal): God commands Moses to take Aaron and his sons from Israel “that they may minister to me” — a direct verbal parallel to the claim that the LORD has chosen men to stand before him and minister.
- Exodus 30:7-8 (verbal): Prescribes Aaron’s duty to burn incense on the altar morning and evening — a close parallel to the charge to be ‘ministers’ and ‘those who offer incense’ before the LORD.
- Numbers 3:7-8 (structural): Sets out the distinct duties of Aaron and his sons and the Levites’ role in serving the tabernacle and assisting the priests — a structural parallel about being set apart and assigned to minister.
- Ezekiel 44:15-16 (thematic): Speaks of the priests (the Zadok line) who shall ‘stand before me to offer’ sacrifices and serve in the sanctuary — thematically echoing God’s choosing of persons to stand before him and minister/offer sacrifices.
Alternative generated candidates
- My sons, do not be negligent now; for the LORD has chosen you to stand before him, to serve him, to be his ministers and to offer incense.
- My sons, do not be negligent now; for the LORD has chosen you to stand before him, to serve him and to be his ministers and to offer incense.”
2 C.29.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויקמו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- הלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- מחת: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עמשי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויואל: VERB,qal,part,3,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עזריהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מן: PREP
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- הקהתי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- ומן: CONJ+PREP
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- מררי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קיש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עבדי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- ועזריהו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהללאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומן: CONJ+PREP
- הגרשני: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יואח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זמה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועדן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יואח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 29:11 (structural): Immediate context: the preceding verse describes the assembling of the Levites whom verse 29:12 then names — part of the same narrative of Hezekiah’s temple reforms.
- 2 Chronicles 29:13 (structural): Continuation of the same listing of Levites in Hezekiah’s restoration of temple worship; verses 11–13 form a single roster of Levites who 'stood up' for service.
- 1 Chronicles 23:6–7 (thematic): Lists the Levitical clans (Kohath, Gershon, Merari) and organizes Levitical families for service — parallel thematic concern with clan identities and priestly/Levitical organization.
- Numbers 3:17–26 (allusion): Gives the assignment and enumeration of the Kohathite, Gershonite, and Merarite families and their service — background legal/tribal material to which the Chronicles’ Levite lists allude.
- Exodus 6:16–25 (allusion): Genealogical listing of Levi’s sons (Gershon, Kohath, Merari) and descendants — provides the ancestral framework behind the clan names cited in 2 Chronicles 29:12.
Alternative generated candidates
- The Levites arose: Mahath son of Amasai, and Joel son of Azariah, of the sons of the Kohathites; and of the sons of Merari: Kish son of Abdi and Azariah son of Jehallelel; and of the Gershonites: Joah son of Zimmah and Eden son of Joah.
- Then the Levites arose: Mahath son of Amasai and Joel son of Azariah, of the sons of the Kohathites; and of the sons of Merari, Kish son of Abdi and Azariah son of Jehalelel; and of the Gershonites, Joah son of Zimmah and Eden son of Joah.
2 C.29.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומן: CONJ+PREP
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אליצפן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שמרי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויעיאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומן: CONJ+PREP
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אסף: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- זכריהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומתניהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 29:12 (structural): Immediate context: the preceding verse begins the enumeration of the Levites summoned by Hezekiah, of which verse 13 continues — same event and lists of names/clans.
- 2 Chronicles 29:14-15 (structural): Immediate continuation: verses that complete the list and describe the consecration and duties of these Levites — same scene and function.
- Numbers 3:30 (verbal): Mentions Elizaphan (Elizaphan son of Uzziel) as a leader among the Kohathites — connects the name Elizaphan and the Levitical clan behind the listing in 2 Chronicles.
- 1 Chronicles 15:16-19 (thematic): Describes appointment of Asaph and his brethren as Levitical musicians and singers for worship — parallels the listing here of Asaph's descendants (Zechariah, Mattithiah) among temple ministers.
Alternative generated candidates
- And of the sons of Elizaphan: Shemariah and Jehiel; and of the sons of Asaph: Zechariah and Mattaniah.
- And of the sons of Elizaphan, Shemaryahu and Jehiel; and of the sons of Asaph, Zechariah and Mattaniah.
2 C.29.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ומן: CONJ+PREP
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- הימן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יחיאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושמעי: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומן: CONJ+PREP
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ידותון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שמעיה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ועזיאל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 25:1-6 (verbal): Gives the roster of the sons of Heman and of Jeduthun appointed as temple musicians; the same Levitical families and individual names appear in Chronicles 29:14.
- 1 Chronicles 15:16-19 (structural): David's organization of Levites (including Heman and Jeduthun) for musical ministry parallels Hezekiah's reappointment and the listing of the same Levitical families in 2 Chronicles 29.
- Nehemiah 12:46 (thematic): In the postexilic dedication the names Heman and Jeduthun occur among the temple musicians, showing continuity of these Levitical musical families mentioned in 2 Chronicles 29:14.
- 1 Chronicles 6:31-48 (structural): Levitical genealogies and assignments that include the lines of Heman and Jeduthun provide a broader genealogical/parochial parallel to the specific name-listing in 2 Chronicles 29:14.
Alternative generated candidates
- And of the sons of Heman: Jehiel and Shimei; and of the sons of Jeduthun: Shemaiah and Uzziel.
- And of the sons of Heman, Jehiel and Shimei; and of the sons of Jeduthun, Shemaiah and Uzziel.
2 C.29.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאספו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- אחיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,suff,3,m,pl
- ויתקדשו: VERB,hitpael,impf,3,m,pl
- ויבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- כמצות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בדברי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לטהר: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 8:5-8 (structural): Instruction for cleansing and consecrating the Levites—ritual purification and setting apart for temple service parallels the Levites/priests sanctifying themselves to cleanse the house of the LORD.
- Leviticus 16:16-19 (thematic): Day of Atonement ritual in which the sanctuary is ritually purified from the sins of Israel—theme of cleansing the house of God and removing impurity echoes Hezekiah’s temple purification.
- 2 Chronicles 34:8-11 (structural): Josiah’s reforms and the cleansing/repair of the temple: a royal-initiated sanctification and purification of the house of the LORD similar in form and purpose to Hezekiah’s actions.
- 2 Kings 23:4-5 (thematic): Josiah’s removal of defilements from the temple and the priests’ role in cleansing it—themewise parallel of royal reform aimed at purifying the sanctuary.
- Ezra 6:20-21 (verbal): After the rebuilding of the temple the priests and Levites ‘purified themselves’ and offered the Passover—language and liturgical act of sanctification closely parallel the priests/Levites sanctifying themselves to cleanse the house.
Alternative generated candidates
- They gathered their brothers and consecrated themselves; they entered according to the king's command, by the word of the LORD, to cleanse the house of the LORD.
- They gathered their brethren and sanctified themselves, and they went in, by the king's commandment and in accordance with the word of the LORD, to cleanse the house of the LORD.
2 C.29.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- לפנימה: PREP+ADV
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לטהר: VERB,qal,inf
- ויוציאו: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- הטמאה: ADJ,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- מצאו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בהיכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לחצר: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ויקבלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- הלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- להוציא: VERB,hiphil,inf
- לנחל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קדרון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חוצה: ADV
Parallels
- 2 Kings 23:4-6 (verbal): Josiah's temple purge: priests/officials remove idolatrous objects from the temple and carry/burn the defilement, with ashes/outsiders taken toward the Kidron—close verbal and situational parallel (removal to Kidron).
- 2 Chronicles 34:4-7 (structural): Josiah's reform narrative: removal and destruction of altars, idols and associated defilement from the land and temple—parallels Hezekiah’s temple cleansing and use of Levites/priests to purge the sanctuary.
- Nehemiah 13:9-14 (thematic): Nehemiah reproves neglect of God's house, purifies the chambers and restores the Levites/priestly service—similar concern with cleansing the temple precincts and returning sacred order.
- Leviticus 16:27 (structural): Priestly law requiring that carcasses and remains from sin offerings be carried outside the camp and burned—this legal pattern underlies the practice of removing impurity from the sacred space as in 2 Chr 29:16.},{
Alternative generated candidates
- The priests went into the inner part of the house of the LORD to cleanse it, and they brought out all the defilement that they found into the court of the house of the LORD; and the Levites received it to carry out to the brook Kidron.
- The priests went into the inner part of the house of the LORD to cleanse, and they brought out all the uncleanness that they found in the temple of the LORD into the court of the house of the LORD; and the Levites took it and carried it out to the brook Kidron.
2 C.29.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויחלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- באחד: PREP
- לחדש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הראשון: ADJ,m,sg,def
- לקדש: PREP
- וביום: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שמונה: NUM,card,f
- לחדש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- באו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- לאולם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ויקדשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לימים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שמונה: NUM,card,f
- וביום: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ששה: NUM,card,m,pl
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
- לחדש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הראשון: ADJ,m,sg,def
- כלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Exodus 29:33-35 (verbal): Commands a multi-day consecration of the sanctuary/altar (seven days) — parallels Hezekiah’s timed consecration period for the house of the LORD.
- Leviticus 8:33-35 (verbal): Moses’ consecration of the tabernacle and priests for a set period (seven days); provides the cultic precedent for ritual periods of sanctification.
- 1 Kings 8:65-66 (thematic): Solomon’s temple dedication involved a fixed number of days and an eighth-day dismissal — a parallel pattern of days-of-dedication for the sanctuary.
- 2 Chronicles 7:8-9 (structural): Narrative of Solomon’s temple dedication and the seven-day feast culminating in an eighth-day dismissal — structurally similar dedication language within Chronicles.
- Ezra 6:16-18 (thematic): Dedication of the rebuilt temple with offerings and ritual completion upon finishing the house — thematically parallels the completion and ritual conclusion of Hezekiah’s consecration.
Alternative generated candidates
- They began on the first day of the first month to sanctify, and on the eighth day they entered the court of the LORD and sanctified the house of the LORD for eight days; on the sixteenth day of the first month they finished.
- They began on the first day of the first month to sanctify, and on the eighth day they came to the porch of the LORD and sanctified the house of the LORD for eight days; and on the sixteenth day of the first month they finished.
2 C.29.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויבואו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- פנימה: ADV
- אל: NEG
- חזקיהו: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,pl
- טהרנו: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- מזבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- העולה: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- כליו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
- ואת: CONJ
- שלחן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המערכת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- כליו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 29:15 (structural): Same Hezekiah reform episode — priests enter the inner court and explicitly cleanse the house of the LORD, the altar and its utensils (immediate parallel and continuation of the same action).
- 2 Kings 18:4 (thematic): Hezekiah's broader religious reform is described here (removing high places, breaking pillars, destroying idolatry), providing a thematic background to the temple purification in 2 Chr 29:18.
- 2 Chronicles 34:8–10 (thematic): Josiah's temple repair and purification by the king and priests parallels Hezekiah's actions—both are royal-initiated cleansings and restorations of temple worship.
- Ezekiel 43:19–27 (allusion): Detailed priestly instructions for cleansing and consecrating the altar and its vessels echo the ritual concern in 2 Chr 29:18 for purifying the altar and temple implements.
- Exodus 29:36–37 (verbal): Law-code prescription for purifying and consecrating the altar (seven-day purification, making it most holy) provides the ritual/lexical background for the temple-cleansing language in 2 Chr 29:18.
Alternative generated candidates
- They came in to Hezekiah the king and said, 'We have cleansed the whole house of the LORD: the altar of burnt offering and all its utensils, and the table of showbread and all its utensils.'
- They came in to Hezekiah the king and said, “We have cleansed the whole house of the LORD: the altar of burnt offering and all its utensils, and the table of the showbread and all its utensils.”
2 C.29.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- הכלים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- הזניח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אחז: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- במלכותו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,m
- במעלו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m
- הכנו: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,pl
- והקדשנו: VERB,hiph,perf,1,c,pl
- והנם: CONJ+DEM,3,m,pl
- לפני: PREP
- מזבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 28:24 (verbal): Reports that King Ahaz took away the sacred vessels from the house of the LORD (carried them to Damascus); provides the immediate background for Hezekiah’s recovery and sanctification of those vessels in 29:19.
- 2 Kings 16:10-18 (thematic): Kings’ account of Ahaz’s desecration/alteration of the temple altar and related actions toward the house of the LORD; explains why temple vessels required reinstatement and consecration under Hezekiah.
- 2 Chronicles 29:14-15 (structural): The surrounding narrative describing the Levites bringing in all the vessels of the house of the LORD and cleansing them; directly continues into 29:19’s statement that the prepared vessels were sanctified and set before the altar.
- Ezra 1:7-11 (thematic): The Persian restitution of temple vessels taken in earlier depredations and their return to the house of God; thematically parallels the recovery, consecration, and reinstallation of sacred vessels in 2 Chronicles 29:19.
Alternative generated candidates
- All the vessels that King Ahaz had cast aside in his reign because of his sin, they prepared and sanctified, and they are before the altar of the LORD.
- Moreover, all the vessels that King Ahaz had cast aside in his reign because he had been unfaithful, we have prepared and sanctified, and they are before the altar of the LORD.
2 C.29.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישכם: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- יחזקיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויאסף: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- שרי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ויעל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 18:3-6 (structural): Same king (Hezekiah) and the broad program of religious reform; Kings gives the summary account that corresponds to Chronicles’ detailed scene of Hezekiah rising and restoring proper worship in the temple.
- 2 Chronicles 29:2-11 (verbal): Immediate context in the same chapter describing Hezekiah rising early, summoning the priests and Levites, and beginning the cleansing and preparation of the house of the LORD—directly parallel material in the narrative.
- 2 Chronicles 30:1-5 (thematic): Hezekiah again summons the people and leaders to the house of the LORD for renewal of worship (Passover invitation); thematically parallels the act of assembling city rulers and going up to the temple for religious restoration.
- 2 Chronicles 34:8-11 (thematic): King Josiah assembles the elders and the people to repair and purify the temple; a parallel episode of a king gathering leaders for temple restoration and covenant renewal.
- Ezra 3:7-11 (thematic): After the exile the community gathers at the rebuilt temple and offers sacrifices and praise; parallels the communal and liturgical character of assembling leaders and coming to the house of the LORD for restoration.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then King Hezekiah rose early, gathered the officials of the city, and went up to the house of the LORD.
- Then Hezekiah the king rose early and gathered the heads of the city and went up to the house of the LORD.
2 C.29.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויביאו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- פרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שבעה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואילים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שבעה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכבשים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שבעה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וצפירי: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- עזים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- שבעה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לחטאת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- הממלכה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- המקדש: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לבני: PREP
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- להעלות: VERB,hiphil,inf
- על: PREP
- מזבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 29:24 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same sacrificial episode—records that the priests and Levites killed the bulls, rams, lambs and goats and purified the sanctuary, echoing the animals and cultic action in v.21.
- Leviticus 16:16 (thematic): Describes making atonement for the Most Holy Place and the congregation—parallels the verse’s concern to offer sin/atoning sacrifices for the sanctuary, the people (kingdom) and Judah.
- Exodus 29:35 (allusion): Speaks of the seven‑day consecration of Aaron and his sons with prescribed offerings; Hezekiah’s offering of seven bulls, rams, lambs and goats echoes the motif of sevenfold consecratory/atoning rites.
- Leviticus 8:22–24 (verbal): Moses’ offerings for the consecration of Aaron and his sons (sin offering, burnt offering, sacrifices) provide a cultic precedent for priestly consecration and atonement through animal sacrifice as in 2 Chr 29:21.
- 2 Chronicles 30:18 (thematic): In the Passover/repentance assembly many were purified by the Levites’ sacrifices—parallels the use of sacrificial rites to cleanse the people and restore cultic purity, the same function as the offerings in 2 Chr 29:21.
Alternative generated candidates
- They brought seven bulls, seven rams, seven male lambs, and seven goats for a sin offering for the kingdom, for the sanctuary, and for Judah; and he said to the priests, the sons of Aaron, to offer them on the altar of the LORD.
- They brought seven bulls, seven rams, seven lambs, and seven male goats for a sin offering for the kingdom, for the sanctuary, and for Judah; and He said to the priests, the sons of Aaron, to offer them on the altar of the LORD.
2 C.29.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישחטו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- הבקר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויקבלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- את: PRT,acc
- הדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- ויזרקו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- המזבחה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וישחטו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- האלים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ויזרקו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- הדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- המזבחה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וישחטו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- הכבשים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ויזרקו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- הדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- המזבחה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Leviticus 1:5 (verbal): Describes the priests taking the blood of a slaughtered bullock and sprinkling it around the altar — a close procedural/verbal parallel to priests receiving and casting blood on the altar.
- Leviticus 4:7 (verbal): In the sin‑offering ritual the priest puts blood on the horns of the altar; parallels the specific action of applying sacrificial blood to the altar.
- Leviticus 17:11 (thematic): States the theological principle that 'the life is in the blood,' explaining why blood is used on the altar for atonement — thematic basis for the actions in 2 Chr 29:22.
- 2 Chronicles 30:18 (structural): Within the same Deuteronomistic/Chronistic reform narrative, priests and Levites sprinkle the blood of sacrifices during the Passover/renewal — a closely related ritual scene in the same historical framework.
- Hebrews 9:22 (thematic): New Testament theological summary that 'without shedding of blood there is no forgiveness of sins,' echoing the sacrificial significance of blood applied to the altar in the OT ritual.
Alternative generated candidates
- They slaughtered the bulls, and the priests received the blood and sprinkled it on the altar; they slaughtered the rams and sprinkled the blood on the altar; they slaughtered the lambs and sprinkled the blood on the altar.
- So they slaughtered the bulls, and the priests received the blood and sprinkled it on the altar; they slaughtered the rams and sprinkled their blood on the altar; they slaughtered the lambs and sprinkled their blood on the altar.
2 C.29.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויגישו: VERB,hiphil,impf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- שעירי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- החטאת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- לפני: PREP
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והקהל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויסמכו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ידיהם: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3,m,pl
- עליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Leviticus 4:4 (verbal): Prescribes laying the offender's hand on the head of the sin offering—direct ritual parallel to priests laying hands on the sin goats/bulls.
- Leviticus 16:21 (verbal): Aaron lays both hands on the live scapegoat and confesses Israel's sins, transferring guilt—closely parallels laying on of hands for atonement.
- Exodus 29:10 (verbal): Describes Aaron and his sons laying hands on the head of the bull as part of the sacrificial/ordination ritual—same gesture of identification/transfer.
- Leviticus 1:4 (thematic): Commands the offerer to lay hands on a voluntary burnt offering, illustrating the broader cultic practice of laying on of hands to identify/transfer responsibility to an animal offering.
Alternative generated candidates
- They presented the goats for the sin offering before the king and the congregation, and they laid their hands upon them.
- They brought the male goats for the sin offering before the king and the assembly, and they laid their hands on them.
2 C.29.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישחטום: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ויחטאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- דמם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המזבחה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לכפר: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- על: PREP
- כל: DET
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- לכל: PREP
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- העולה: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg,def
- והחטאת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 4:7 (verbal): Priests take blood and put it on the horns of the altar to make atonement for the person—directly parallels the action of sprinkling blood on the altar for atonement.
- Leviticus 17:11 (thematic): States that the life is in the blood and that blood makes atonement for the soul, providing the theological basis for the priests' sprinkling in Chronicles.
- Exodus 29:12–14 (structural): Instructions for applying sacrificial blood to the altar and consecrating the offering/altar—parallels the ritual form and purpose described in 2 Chronicles.
- Ezra 3:3–6 (thematic): Describes priests and Levites resuming temple sacrifices and offerings after restoration—parallel situation of ritual purification and national atonement in Chronicles.
- Hebrews 9:22 (thematic): Affirms the principle that without shedding of blood there is no forgiveness of sins, echoing the theological significance of the sacrificial blood used to atone in 2 Chronicles 29:24.
Alternative generated candidates
- The priests slaughtered them and sprinkled their blood on the altar to make atonement for all Israel, for the king had declared them to be for the burnt offering and the sin offering for all Israel.
- The priests killed them and made atonement with their blood on the altar for all Israel, for the king had declared that the burnt offering and the sin offering were for all Israel.
2 C.29.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעמד: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- במצלתים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בנבלים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ובכנרות: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- במצות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,cons
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וגד: CONJ+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- חזה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ונתן: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הנביא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- כי: CONJ
- ביד: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- המצוה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ביד: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- נביאיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 15:16-22 (verbal): David arranges the Levites with cymbals, harps and lyres and appoints musicians and singers—close verbal and functional parallel to Hezekiah’s appointment “according to the commandment of David.”
- 1 Chronicles 25:1-3 (verbal): David and the commanders set the sons of Asaph, Heman and Jeduthun as singers “to prophesy with lyres, with harps, and with cymbals,” echoing the link between musical service and prophetic/Divine command in 2 Chron 29:25.
- 2 Chronicles 5:12-14 (thematic): Levites using musical instruments lead temple worship at the dedication and the LORD’s glory fills the house—parallels the temple-musical service and its sacred sanction in Hezekiah’s reforms.
- Ezra 3:10-11 (thematic): At the rebuilding/dedication the priests and Levites praise God with trumpets and instruments and give thanks—similar picture of Levites appointed to temple music as part of covenant worship.
- 1 Chronicles 16:4-7 (allusion): David appoints certain Levites (Asaph, Heman, Jeduthun) to minister before the ark with musical praise—an earlier formulation of the institution behind Hezekiah’s reappointment (“by the commandment of David”).
Alternative generated candidates
- He set the Levites in the house of the LORD with cymbals, with harps and lyres, according to the command of David and of Gad the king's seer; for the ordinance was from the LORD by his prophets.
- He set the Levites in the house of the LORD with cymbals, with stringed instruments, and with harps, according to the command of David and of Gad the king's seer; and the prophet gave the orders, for the command was from the LORD by his prophets.
2 C.29.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעמדו: CONJ+VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- הלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- בכלי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- בחצצרות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 15:16,24 (verbal): David organizes Levites as musicians and priests as trumpeters—language and roles closely echo the Levites 'with the instruments of David' and priests 'with the trumpets.'
- Ezra 3:10-11 (verbal): At the laying of the temple foundation the priests stand 'with trumpets' and the Levites 'with instruments of David' to praise the LORD, using nearly the same wording and liturgical setting.
- 2 Chronicles 5:12-13 (structural): In the account of bringing the Ark into the temple the Levites and priests likewise stand with Davidic instruments and trumpets, a parallel temple-worship scene within Chronicles.
- Psalm 150:3-5 (thematic): A thematic parallel emphasizing praise with trumpets and musical instruments—Psalmic language that underlies the function of Levites and priests in temple worship.
Alternative generated candidates
- The Levites stood with David's instruments, and the priests with the trumpets.
- The Levites stood with the instruments of David, and the priests with the trumpets.
2 C.29.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- חזקיהו: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- להעלות: VERB,hiphil,inf
- העלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs,def
- להמזבח: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- ובעת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- החל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- העולה: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg,def
- החל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שיר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- והחצצרות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,def
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- ידי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- כלי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chr 29:25 (structural): Immediate context in the same narrative: Hezekiah organizes the Levites to sing with the words of David and Asaph in preparation for the sacrifices (same liturgical action).
- 2 Chr 29:30 (thematic): Continues the scene of public praise: Hezekiah and the assembly give thanks and bless the LORD after the music and offerings (same theological outcome of worship).
- 1 Chr 15:16-24 (verbal): David appoints Levites to minister with cymbals, harps and lyres and declares they are 'to make melody with instruments of David'—parallels the phrase and role of Davidic instruments in temple worship.
- 2 Chr 20:21-22 (thematic): Jehoshaphat appoints singers and musicians to lead the army; singing and trumpets accompany divine action—parallel use of music and trumpets as liturgical means of God's intervention and praise.
- Ps 150:3-5 (verbal): Parallel catalogue of instruments (trumpet, lute, harp, timbrel, strings) called to praise the LORD—reflects the biblical motif of praising God with trumpets and Davidic instruments.
Alternative generated candidates
- Hezekiah commanded to offer the burnt offering on the altar; and when the burnt offering began, the song of the LORD began also, with the trumpets and with the instruments of David king of Israel.
- Hezekiah gave the command to offer the burnt offering on the altar; and when the burnt offering began, the song of the LORD began also, with the trumpets and with the instruments of David king of Israel.
2 C.29.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- הקהל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- משתחוים: VERB,hitpael,ptc,3,m,pl
- והשיר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- משורר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והחצצרות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,def
- מחצרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- הכל: PRON,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- לכלות: VERB,qal,inf
- העלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs,def
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 15:24 (verbal): Describes singers and trumpeters accompanying the bringing up of the ark—same vocabulary and liturgical musicianship (singers sang, trumpets sounded).
- 2 Chronicles 7:6 (verbal): Narrative listing of Levites, singers and priests with trumpets and instruments in temple worship—parallels the organized musical praise and temple service language.
- Ezra 3:11 (thematic): The people and priests sing and give thanks at the dedication of the rebuilt temple, with communal shouting and praise—similar congregation-wide liturgical celebration at the temple.
- Psalm 150:3-5 (verbal): A liturgical psalm calling for praise with trumpets and various instruments—verbal and thematic correspondence to trumpets and musical worship in the temple service.
Alternative generated candidates
- All the congregation bowed in worship, and the singers sang and the trumpets sounded; all continued until the burnt offering was finished.
- All the assembly bowed; the singers sang and the trumpets sounded, and all continued until the burnt offering was finished.
2 C.29.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וככלות: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- להעלות: VERB,hiphil,inf
- כרעו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- הנמצאים: ADJ,part,m,pl,def
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- וישתחוו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- 1 Chr.29.20 (verbal): David's charge and the congregation's response: the people 'bowed their heads and fell on their faces and worshiped' — language and communal act closely parallel.
- 2 Chr.7.3 (structural): At Solomon's temple dedication the people likewise 'bowed down and worshiped' after the sacrificial/ritual climax — similar cultic posture and communal worship.
- 2 Chr.20.18 (thematic): Jehoshaphat and all Judah fall down and worship the LORD before battle — another instance of king-plus-people bowing in corporate devotion.
- 1 Kgs.8:54-55 (structural): After Solomon's prayer at the dedication he stood and blessed the assembly; the people respond corporately — parallels the liturgical sequence of leader's action followed by communal worship.
Alternative generated candidates
- When the burnt offering was completed, the king and all who were present with him knelt and bowed.
- When the burnt offering was finished, the king and all who were with him knelt down and worshiped.
2 C.29.30 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יחזקיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והשרים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,def
- ללוים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- להלל: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- בדברי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cs
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואסף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- החזה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויהללו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- עד: PREP
- לשמחה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויקדו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- וישתחוו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- 1 Chron.16:4-7 (verbal): David appoints Levites (including Asaph) to minister and give thanks before the ark—explicit link to 'the words of David and Asaph' and liturgical leadership.
- 1 Chron.25:1 (structural): David organizes temple musicians (Asaph, Heman, Jeduthun) into courses for prophesying with musical instruments—parallels the institutionalized Levitical praise Hezekiah restores.
- 2 Chron.5:13-14 (thematic): Levites and priests praise with trumpets and instruments and bow, and the glory of the LORD fills the house—parallels the communal, sacramental praise, rejoicing, and worship described in 2 Chr 29:30.
- Ezra 3:10-11 (thematic): When the temple foundation is laid priests and Levites sing, give thanks, and praise the LORD with instruments—echoes the restored, joyful liturgical worship led by Levites in Hezekiah's reform.
Alternative generated candidates
- Hezekiah the king and the princes commanded the Levites to praise the LORD with the words of David and of Asaph the seer; and they praised the LORD, rejoicing with bowed heads and worship.
- Hezekiah the king and the leaders commanded the Levites to praise the LORD with the words of David and Asaph the seer; and they praised the LORD with gladness and bowed and prostrated themselves.
2 C.29.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויען: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יחזקיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- עתה: ADV
- מלאתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- ידכם: NOUN,f,sg,abs,2mp
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- גשו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
- והביאו: VERB,hiphil,imp,2,m,pl
- זבחים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ותודות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- לבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cns
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ויביאו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- הקהל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- זבחים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ותודות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- נדיב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עלות: NOUN,f,sg,cons
Parallels
- Leviticus 7:12-15 (verbal): Legal instruction for the todah (thanksgiving) offering — uses the same technical term and prescribes voluntary thanksgiving sacrifices, paralleling the call to bring thank offerings.
- Psalm 107:22 (verbal): Explicit exhortation to ‘offer sacrifices of thanksgiving’ (todah); a direct verbal/thematic match with bringing thank offerings to the LORD.
- 1 Chronicles 29:9 (verbal): Describes the people's voluntary, wholehearted offerings for the house of the Lord (‘willing heart’), echoing the phrase and communal willing-offering motif in 2 Chr 29:31.
- Ezra 3:11 (thematic): At the temple's (re)dedication the people brought sacrifices and praised/gave thanks to the LORD—a structural parallel of communal sacrifices and thanksgivings at the house of God.
Alternative generated candidates
- Hezekiah said, 'Now that you have consecrated yourselves to the LORD, come near and bring sacrifices and thank offerings into the house of the LORD.' So the congregation brought sacrifices and thank offerings, and all the willing‑hearted brought burnt offerings.
- Then Hezekiah said, “Now you have consecrated yourselves to the LORD; come near and bring sacrifices and thank offerings into the house of the LORD.” So the assembly brought sacrifices and thank offerings, and all who were willing of heart brought burnt offerings.
2 C.29.32 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- מספר: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
- העלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- הביאו: VERB,hiphil,imperat,2,m,pl
- הקהל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שבעים: NUM,card,m,pl
- אילים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מאה: NUM,f,sg,abs
- כבשים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מאתים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- לעלה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- כל: DET
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
Parallels
- Leviticus 1:2-3 (verbal): Specifies the animals taken for burnt offerings (bulls, rams, lambs), matching the types enumerated in 2 Chron 29:32.
- Leviticus 9:2-4, 22-24 (structural): Records large-scale sacrifices at the inauguration of the priesthood—an analogous pattern of many burnt offerings accompanying a cultic consecration.
- 2 Chronicles 29:35 (structural): Describes the priests and Levites burning the offerings brought for the consecration, a continuation/fulfillment of the sacrifices enumerated in v.32.
- 2 Chronicles 7:4-5 (thematic): Solomon’s dedication of the temple likewise involved vast numbers of burnt offerings, providing a precedent for communal sacrifice at temple dedication.
- Numbers 28–29 (thematic): Prescribes the regimen and numbers for daily, sabbath, and festival burnt offerings—the legal and cultic framework underlying the sacrificial activity in 2 Chronicles 29:32.
Alternative generated candidates
- The number of burnt offerings that the congregation brought was seventy bulls, one hundred rams, and two hundred male lambs for a burnt offering to the LORD.
- The number of burnt offerings that the assembly brought was: seventy bulls, a hundred rams, and two hundred lambs; all these were burnt offerings to the LORD.
2 C.29.33 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והקדשים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,def
- בקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- וצאן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלשת: NUM,m,pl,abs
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- 2 Chr. 29:31 (structural): Immediate context/continuation of the same ritual—describes the priests and Levites preparing and offering the sacrifices that are enumerated in 29:33.
- 2 Kings 18:3-6 (thematic): Parallel account of Hezekiah’s religious reforms—removal of idolatry and restoration of proper worship, the broader context for the large purificatory offerings in 2 Chronicles 29.
- Leviticus 1:2-3 (verbal): Gives the basic sacrificial categories and required animals (bulls, sheep/lambs) used for burnt and peace offerings—verbal/theological correspondence to the bull and sheep offerings listed in 2 Chr 29:33.
- Ezra 6:17 (thematic): Describes large communal and dedicatory offerings at the restoration of the temple—comparable practice of mass sacrifices and public consecration after a period of discontinuity in worship.
Alternative generated candidates
- Moreover they consecrated six hundred bulls and three thousand sheep and goats.
- The consecrated animals were six hundred bulls and three thousand sheep.
2 C.29.34 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- רק: PRT
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- היו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- למעט: PREP
- ולא: CONJ
- יכלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- להפשיט: VERB,hiph,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- העלות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- ויחזקום: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
- אחיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,suff,3,m,pl
- הלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- עד: PREP
- כלות: NOUN,f,sg,construct
- המלאכה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- יתקדשו: VERB,hitp,impf,3,pl
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- כי: CONJ
- הלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ישרי: ADJ,m,pl
- לבב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- להתקדש: VERB,hitp,inf
- מהכהנים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 29:33 (structural): Immediate context: describes the same scene—priests were few and the Levites stood by and assisted them until the work was finished and the priests were sanctified (same episode, complementary wording).
- 2 Chronicles 30:16 (thematic): During Hezekiah's Passover reform the priests and Levites 'arose and sanctified themselves' to perform the offerings—parallels the idea of priests being consecrated and Levites assisting in the service.
- Numbers 8:6–8 (verbal): Gives the ritual for cleansing and consecrating the Levites for service (washing, shaving, garments, sprinkling), establishing the theme of Levites being set apart to assist the priests in temple work.
- Ezra 6:20 (thematic): After the exile the priests and Levites 'kept the Passover' and were purified to serve—parallels the motive and practice of priests and Levites sanctifying themselves for covenant worship.
Alternative generated candidates
- But the priests were too few to skin all the sacrifices, so their brothers the Levites helped them until the work was finished and the priests had sanctified themselves; for the Levites were more upright in heart to sanctify themselves than the priests.
- But the priests were too few to skin all the burnt offerings, so their brethren the Levites helped them until the work was finished and until the priests had sanctified themselves; for the Levites were more wholehearted in consecrating themselves than the priests.
2 C.29.35 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וגם: CONJ
- עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לרב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בחלבי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- השלמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ובנסכים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לעלה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ותכון: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,fs
- עבודת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Leviticus 3:16-17 (verbal): Law concerning the fat of peace offerings being for the priest and the prohibition on eating fat — connects verbally to 'חלבי השלמים' (the fat of the peace offerings).
- Leviticus 7:11-15 (thematic): Regulations for the thanksgiving/peace offering (including portions and accompanying drink offerings), paralleling the mention of thank offerings and 'נסכים' (drink offerings).
- 2 Chronicles 30:17-20 (structural): Account of Hezekiah's Passover revival in which priests and Levites offer sacrifices and forgive/restore worship — closely parallels the reestablishment of temple service and abundant peace offerings in 2 Chr 29:35.
- 2 Kings 18:3-6 (thematic): Summary of Hezekiah's reforms (removing idolatry, trusting in the LORD) and the restoration of proper worship; provides the parallel historical context for reestablishing the house-of-YHWH service in Chronicles.
- Ezra 3:5 (thematic): The postexilic reinstallation of regular burnt and peace offerings and the rebuilding of temple worship — thematically parallels the restoration and regularization of temple service described in 2 Chr 29:35.
Alternative generated candidates
- There was also abundance in the fat of the peace offerings and in the drink offerings for the burnt offerings, and the service of the house of the LORD was established.
- There was abundant offering of the fat portions of the peace offerings and of libations for the burnt offerings; thus the service of the house of the LORD was established.
2 C.29.36 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- וישמח: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- יחזקיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- על: PREP
- ההכין: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לעם: PREP
- כי: CONJ
- בפתאם: PREP+ADV
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הדבר: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 29:35 (structural): Immediate context: continues the same cultic action—sacrifices and priestly service—and shares the same narrative culmination in which the people and Hezekiah rejoice over God’s provision.
- 2 Chronicles 30:26–27 (thematic): A later account of Hezekiah’s Passover celebration that likewise emphasizes great joy in Jerusalem and the people’s rejoicing when God’s restoration/rituals are effectual.
- 1 Chronicles 29:20–22 (thematic): David’s assembly celebrates the preparation and consecration of the temple; like 2 Chr 29:36 it links communal joy to God’s provision and the completion of cultic preparations.
- Ezra 6:16–22 (thematic): Description of the post‑exilic Passover and a nationwide feast in which the returned community rejoices because God enabled and provided for the restoration of worship—paralleling joy at divine provision for the people.
- Nehemiah 8:10–12 (thematic): The people’s joyful response to hearing God’s word and to communal restoration; joy is explicitly tied to God’s action and provision, echoing the connection between divine initiative and popular rejoicing in 2 Chr 29:36.
Alternative generated candidates
- Hezekiah and all the people rejoiced at what God had provided for the people, for the matter had come about suddenly.
- Hezekiah and all the people rejoiced at what God had provided for the people, for the matter came about suddenly.
Hezekiah was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned twenty-nine years in Jerusalem. His mother's name was Abijah, daughter of Zechariah.
He did what was right in the sight of the LORD, according to all that David his father had done.
In the first year of his reign, in the first month, he opened the doors of the house of the LORD and restored them.
He brought in the priests and the Levites and gathered them at the east street. And he said to them, "Listen to me, Levites: consecrate yourselves now and sanctify the house of the LORD, the God of your fathers, and remove all the defilement from the sanctuary."
For our fathers were unfaithful; they did evil in the sight of the LORD our God; they forsook him and turned their faces away from the house of the LORD, and turned their backs.
They also shut the doors of the vestibule, put out the lamps, did not burn incense, and did not offer burnt offerings in the holy place to the God of Israel.
Therefore the wrath of the LORD was upon Judah and Jerusalem, and he gave them into trouble, into derision and contempt, as you now see with your own eyes.
Behold, our fathers have fallen by the sword, and our sons, our daughters, and our wives are carried away captive. Now it is in my heart to make a covenant with the LORD God of Israel, that his fierce anger may turn away from us.
My sons, do not be negligent now, for the LORD has chosen you to stand before him, to serve him, and to be ministers and to offer incense."
Then the Levites arose: Mahath the son of Amasai and Joel the son of Azariah, of the sons of the Kohathites; and of the sons of the Merarites, Kish the son of Abdi and Azariah the son of Jehallelel; and of the Gershonites, Joah the son of Zimmah and Eden the son of Joah. And of the sons of Elizaphan, Shemaiah and Uzziel; and of the sons of Asaph, Zechariah and Mattaniah. And of the sons of Heman, Jehiel and Shimei; and of the sons of Jeduthun, Shemaiah and Uzziel.
They gathered their brothers, consecrated themselves, and came according to the command of the king and the word of the LORD, to cleanse the house of the LORD.
Then the priests went into the inner part of the house of the LORD to sanctify it, and they brought out all the unclean things that they found in the temple of the LORD into the court of the house of the LORD; and the Levites received them and carried them out to the brook Kidron.
They began on the first day of the first month to sanctify, and on the eighth day of the month they came into the court of the LORD; so they sanctified the house of the LORD for eight days, and on the sixteenth day of the first month they finished.
They came in to Hezekiah the king and said, "We have cleansed all the house of the LORD, the altar of burnt offering and all its utensils, and the table of the showbread and all its utensils."
Moreover, all the things that the king Ahaz had made unclean in his reign, in his unfaithfulness, we have prepared and sanctified, and behold they are before the altar of the LORD.
Then Hezekiah rose early and gathered the heads of the city and went up to the house of the LORD.
They brought seven bullocks, seven rams, seven lambs, and seven male goats for a sin offering for the kingdom, for the sanctuary, and for Judah; and he commanded the priests the sons of Aaron to offer them on the altar of the LORD. So they killed the bullocks, and the priests received the blood and sprinkled it on the altar; and they killed the rams and sprinkled the blood on the altar; and they killed the lambs and sprinkled the blood on the altar.
They presented the sin goats before the king and the assembly, and they laid their hands on them.
The priests killed them, and they made atonement with their blood on the altar to cleanse all Israel; for the king had said, "The burnt offering and the sin offering are for all Israel."
He set the Levites in the house of the LORD with cymbals, with harps, and with lyres, according to the commandment of David; and the king's seer gave the order, for the commandment was from the LORD by his prophets.
The Levites stood with the instruments of David, and the priests with the trumpets.
Hezekiah commanded the burnt offering to be offered on the altar; and when the burnt offering began, the song of the LORD began also, with the trumpets and with the instruments of David king of Israel.
All the congregation bowed and the singers sang and the trumpets sounded; all this continued until the burnt offering was finished. And when they had finished offering, the king and all who were present with him bowed themselves and worshiped.
Hezekiah said to the Levites, "Praise the LORD with the words of David and Asaph the seer." So they praised the LORD with gladness and bowed their heads and worshiped. And Hezekiah said, "Now that you have consecrated yourselves to the LORD, come near and bring sacrifices and thank offerings into the house of the LORD." So the congregation brought sacrifices and thank offerings, and all the willing-hearted brought burnt offerings.
The number of the burnt offerings that the congregation brought was: seventy bullocks, a hundred rams, two hundred lambs—for a burnt offering to the LORD. And the consecrated things were six hundred bullocks and three thousand sheep. But the priests were too few to skin all the burnt offerings, so their brothers the Levites helped them until the work was finished and until the priests were consecrated; for the Levites were more upright of heart to sanctify themselves than the priests.
Also there were many burnt offerings of peace offerings and their fat and drink offerings for the burnt offerings; and the service of the house of the LORD was established.
Hezekiah and all the assembly rejoiced because God had provided for the people, for the thing came about suddenly.