Jesus the Bread of Life
John 6:25-59
John.6.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- ευροντες: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,pl,m
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- περαν: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- θαλασσης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- ειπον: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,sg
- αυτω·Ραββι: PRON,dat,3,sg+NOUN,voc,m,sg
- ποτε: ADV
- ωδε: ADV
- γεγονας: VERB,perf,act,ind,2,sg
Parallels
- John 6:17-21 (structural): Immediate narrative context: Jesus crosses the sea, walks on the water, and is seen on the opposite shore—explains how the crowd 'found him on the other side.'
- John 6:24 (thematic): Direct lead-in to the question: the people had noticed Jesus' absence after the feeding and then sought him, prompting surprise at his arrival on the far shore.
- Mark 6:45-51 (structural): Synoptic parallel: the disciples are sent ahead by boat, Jesus goes up to pray and later comes to them (walking on the sea); parallels the crossing and unexpected arrival on the other side.
- John 1:38 (verbal): Shared address 'Rabbi' and an interrogative directed to Jesus—both verses feature the title 'Rabbi' and a question posed to locate or address Jesus.
Alternative generated candidates
- When they found him on the other side of the sea, they asked him, “Rabbi, when did you come here?”
- When they found him on the other side of the sea, they said to him, "Rabbi, when did you come here?"
John.6.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- απεκριθη: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- αυτοις: PRO,dat,pl,3
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Ιησους: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- ειπεν·Αμην: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αμην: PART
- λεγω: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
- ζητειτε: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl
- με: PRON,acc,sg,1
- ουχ: PART,neg
- οτι: CONJ
- ειδετε: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl
- σημεια: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- αλλ᾽οτι: CONJ
- εφαγετε: VERB,aor,act,ind,2,pl
- εκ: PREP
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- αρτων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- εχορτασθητε·: VERB,aor,pass,ind,2,pl
Parallels
- John 2:23-25 (thematic): Both passages highlight the problem of faith based on signs alone — many believed because of signs, but Jesus discerns the superficial nature of that belief.
- John 6:27 (verbal): Immediate contrast to v.26: Jesus redirects the crowd from seeking perishable food (the loaves) to pursuing enduring ('food that endures to eternal life').
- John 6:30 (verbal): The crowd's demand for a sign here echoes the motive Jesus criticizes in v.26 — seeking signs to justify belief rather than understanding his purpose.
- John 6:14-15 (structural): Narratively linked: after the feeding miracle the crowd seeks Jesus (to make him king), which illustrates the very opportunistic motive Jesus condemns in v.26.
- Exodus 16:4-15 (allusion): The manna narrative (God providing bread in the wilderness) is the Old Testament background for John 6's 'bread from heaven' theme and the crowd's focus on physical provision.
Alternative generated candidates
- Jesus answered them, “Truly, truly, I say to you, you are seeking me not because you saw signs, but because you ate of the loaves and were filled.
- Jesus answered them, "Truly, truly I say to you, you seek me not because you saw signs, but because you ate of the loaves and were filled."
John.6.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- εργαζεσθε: VERB,pres,mid,imp,2,pl
- μη: PART
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- βρωσιν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- απολλυμενην: ADJ,part,pres,pass,acc,sg,f
- αλλα: CONJ
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- βρωσιν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- μενουσαν: ADJ,part,pres,act,acc,sg,f
- εις: PREP
- ζωην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- αιωνιον: ADJ,acc,sg,f
- ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- υιος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ανθρωπου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
- δωσει: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,sg
- τουτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- γαρ: PART
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- πατηρ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- εσφραγισεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- θεος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
Parallels
- John 6:29 (structural): Shared 'work' vocabulary and programmatic contrast: Jesus reframes true 'work' as trusting the one God has sent, countering working for perishable food.
- John 6:35 (verbal): Immediate discourse parallel — 'I am the bread of life' develops the food/food-that-endures motif and identifies the source of eternal sustenance.
- John 6:51 (verbal): Direct verbal and thematic echo: Jesus as 'living bread' whom he will give for life parallels 'the food that endures to eternal life which the Son of Man will give you.'
- Exodus 16:4 (allusion): The manna narrative (God providing 'bread from heaven') is the Old Testament backdrop for John's contrast between perishable food and heavenly provision.
- Isaiah 55:2 (thematic): Isaiah's challenge not to spend on what does not satisfy and his call to receive life-giving provision from God parallels the call to seek sustenance that endures and is given by God.
Alternative generated candidates
- Do not labor for the food that perishes, but for the food that endures to eternal life, which the Son of Man will give you; for on him the Father—God—has set his seal.”
- "Do not labor for the food that perishes, but for the food that endures to eternal life, which the Son of Man will give you; for on him the Father, God, has set his seal."
John.6.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ειπον: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,sg
- ουν: CONJ
- προς: PREP
- αυτον·Τι: PRON,acc,sg,3
- ποιωμεν: VERB,aor,act,subj,1,pl
- ινα: CONJ
- εργαζωμεθα: VERB,pres,mid/pass,subj,1,pl
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- εργα: NOUN,nom,pl,n
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- John 6:29 (quotation): Immediate answer to the question: Jesus defines the 'work of God' as believing in the One he has sent ('This is the work of God, that you believe in him whom he has sent').
- John 4:34 (thematic): Jesus describes his sustenance as doing the will of the Sender and finishing his work — linking 'works of God' with obedience to the Father's will.
- John 5:17 (allusion): Jesus says 'My Father is working until now, and I am working' — connects Jesus' activity with God's ongoing work, framing what it means to 'work the works of God.'
- Matthew 7:21 (thematic): Emphasizes that entry into God's favor depends on doing the Father's will (not merely verbal profession), paralleling the concern for what one must 'do' to perform God's works.
- James 2:14–26 (thematic): Discussion of faith and works: true faith expresses itself in works — relevant to the question of what actions correspond to 'the works of God.'
Alternative generated candidates
- They then said to him, “What must we do, that we may be doing the works of God?”
- They said to him, "What then must we do, to perform the works of God?"
John.6.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- απεκριθη: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Ιησους: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτοις·Τουτο: PRON,dat,pl,m
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- εργον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ινα: CONJ
- πιστευητε: VERB,pres,act,subj,2,pl
- εις: PREP
- ον: PART,pres,act,nom,sg,m
- απεστειλεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- εκεινος: PRON,nom,sg,m
Parallels
- John 6:40 (verbal): Explicitly links God’s will/work with believing in the One sent by the Father—parallels wording and promise of eternal life.
- John 5:24 (verbal): Uses nearly identical formula (“believes him who sent me”) connecting faith in the Sender with possession of eternal life.
- John 20:31 (structural): States the purpose of the Gospel—so that readers may believe that Jesus is the Christ and have life—echoing John 6:29’s identification of belief as God’s work.
- John 3:16 (thematic): Frames belief in the Son (whom God sent) as the means to eternal life, the same central salvific theme as John 6:29.
- Romans 10:9 (thematic): Summarizes New Testament teaching that believing in Christ (and confessing) is the decisive response for salvation, paralleling John’s emphasis on belief as God’s required work.
Alternative generated candidates
- Jesus answered them, “This is the work of God: that you believe in him whom he has sent.”
- Jesus answered them, "This is the work of God: that you believe in him whom he has sent."
John.6.30 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ειπον: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,sg
- ουν: CONJ
- αυτω·Τι: PRON,dat,3,sg
- ουν: CONJ
- ποιεις: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- συ: PRON,nom,sg,2
- σημειον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- ινα: CONJ
- ιδωμεν: VERB,aor,act,subj,1,pl
- και: CONJ
- πιστευσωμεν: VERB,aor,act,subj,1,pl
- σοι: PRON,dat,sg,2
- τι: PRON,int,nom,sg,n
- εργαζη: VERB,pres,mid,ind,2,sg
Parallels
- John 2:18 (verbal): After the temple cleansing the Jews ask Jesus, 'What sign showest thou?' — nearly identical demand for a sign and similar Greek wording.
- Matthew 16:1 (thematic): Pharisees and Sadducees ask Jesus for a sign from heaven; same motif of testing Jesus by demanding miraculous proof.
- Mark 8:11 (verbal): The Pharisees demand a sign from Jesus — parallel synoptic wording and context of refusal to accept his works as sufficient.
- John 6:26 (structural): Immediate rejoinder by Jesus reproving those who seek signs/food rather than understanding his divine mission — direct thematic continuation of 6:30.
- Exodus 16:4 (allusion): God provides manna 'to test' and as a sign for Israel; John 6 later contrasts Jesus' 'bread from heaven' with manna, linking the sign/manna tradition to the crowd's demand.
Alternative generated candidates
- So they said to him, “Then what sign do you do, that we may see and believe you? What work do you perform?
- They said to him, "What sign then do you do, that we may see and believe you? What work do you perform?"
John.6.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- πατερες: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- μαννα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- εφαγον: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- εν: PREP
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- ερημω: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- καθως: CONJ
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- γεγραμμενον·Αρτον: PART,perf,pass,nom/acc,sg,n; NOUN,acc,sg,m
- εκ: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ουρανου: NOUN,gen,sg,masc
- εδωκεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτοις: PRO,dat,pl,3
- φαγειν: VERB,aor,act,inf
Parallels
- Exodus 16:4 (thematic): God promises to provide 'bread from heaven' for Israel in the wilderness — the OT event Jesus alludes to when the crowd cites their ancestors eating manna.
- Psalm 78:24 (LXX/Ps. 78:24 MT) (quotation): The wording 'He gave them bread from heaven to eat' closely matches this psalm; John explicitly says 'as it is written,' echoing this OT line about manna.
- Psalm 105:40 (LXX/Ps. 105:40 MT) (verbal): This psalm also uses the phrase about God giving 'bread from heaven,' a verbal parallel to the citation in John 6:31.
- Numbers 11:7–9 (thematic): Describes the character and provision of the manna (bread from heaven) that the Israelites gathered — background details for the crowd's reference to their fathers eating manna.
Alternative generated candidates
- Our fathers ate manna in the wilderness; as it is written, ‘He gave them bread from heaven to eat.’”
- Our fathers ate the manna in the wilderness, as it is written, 'He gave them bread from heaven to eat.'"
John.6.32 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- ουν: CONJ
- αυτοις: PRO,dat,pl,3
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Ιησους·Αμην: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- αμην: PART
- λεγω: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
- ου: PART,neg
- Μωυσης: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δεδωκεν: VERB,perf,act,ind,3,sg
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- αρτον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- εκ: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ουρανου: NOUN,gen,sg,masc
- αλλ᾽ο: CONJ
- πατηρ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- διδωσιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- αρτον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- εκ: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ουρανου: NOUN,gen,sg,masc
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- αληθινον·: ADJ,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- Exodus 16:4,15 (allusion): Narrative of manna: Yahweh provides bread 'from heaven' for Israel through Moses. John 6.32 contrasts that provision mediated by Moses with the Father’s giving of the true bread.
- Psalm 78:24 (quotation): Psalm recounts God raining down 'bread from heaven' (manna). John 6 alludes to this scriptural formula (cf. John 6:31's 'as it is written') when discussing heavenly bread.
- John 6:31 (verbal): Immediate interlocutors say, 'Our fathers ate the manna... as it is written, He gave them bread from heaven.' Jesus’ remark in 6:32 directly answers and reframes that claim.
- John 6:51 (thematic): Jesus declares 'I am the living bread that came down from heaven' and offers himself as the true, life-giving bread—explicitly identifying the 'bread from heaven' of 6:32 with himself.
Alternative generated candidates
- Jesus then said to them, “Truly, truly, it was not Moses who gave you the bread from heaven, but my Father gives you the true bread from heaven.
- Jesus said to them, "Truly, truly I say to you, it was not Moses who gave you the bread from heaven; my Father gives you the true bread from heaven.
John.6.33 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- γαρ: PART
- αρτος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- καταβαινων: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,sg,m
- εκ: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ουρανου: NOUN,gen,sg,masc
- και: CONJ
- ζωην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- διδους: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,sg,m
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- κοσμω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
Parallels
- Exodus 16:4 (allusion): God promises to 'rain bread from heaven' (manna); John 6 frames Jesus as the true 'bread from heaven' echoing the Exodus provision.
- Psalm 78:24-25 (quotation): Psalm language about God giving 'bread from heaven' (manna) is explicitly alluded to in John 6 as background for identifying Jesus as heavenly bread.
- John 6:51 (verbal): Direct verbal parallel: Jesus calls himself 'the living bread which came down from heaven' and links eating this bread to life—expanding the claim of 6:33.
- John 6:35 (structural): Closely related internal parallel where Jesus declares 'I am the bread of life,' structuring the discourse that identifies him as the life-giving bread.
- John 3:16 (thematic): Shared Johannine theme: God (or the Son) sent from heaven to give life to the world—6:33's 'gives life to the world' echoes 3:16's promise of eternal life through the heavenly gift.
Alternative generated candidates
- For the bread of God is he who comes down from heaven and gives life to the world.”
- For the bread of God is he who comes down from heaven and gives life to the world."
John.6.34 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ειπον: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,sg
- ουν: CONJ
- προς: PREP
- αυτον·Κυριε: PRON,acc,sg,m+NOUN,voc,sg,m
- παντοτε: ADV
- δος: VERB,aor,act,imp,2,sg
- ημιν: PRON,dat,pl,1
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- αρτον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- τουτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- John 6:35 (verbal): Jesus immediately replies 'I am the bread of life,' directly interpreting the crowd's request for 'this bread.'
- John 6:33 (verbal): Jesus had just called the 'bread of God' that comes down from heaven, linking the petition for bread to his claim about heavenly bread.
- John 6:31 (thematic): The crowd's plea echoes their reference to the manna their fathers ate in the wilderness—background for asking for bread.
- Matthew 6:11 (thematic): The petition resembles the Lord's Prayer request 'Give us this day our daily bread,' a communal plea for God's sustaining provision.
- Exodus 16:4 (allusion): God's promise to 'rain bread from heaven' (manna) for Israel is the Old Testament backdrop to the desire for 'this bread.'
Alternative generated candidates
- They said to him, “Lord, evermore give us this bread.”
- They said to him, "Sir, give us this bread always."
John.6.35 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτοις: PRO,dat,pl,3
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Ιησους·Εγω: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ειμι: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- αρτος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- ζωης·ο: NOUN,gen,sg,f;ART,nom,sg,m
- ερχομενος: PART,pres,mid,nom,sg,m
- προς: PREP
- εμε: PRON,acc,sg,1
- ου: PART,neg
- μη: PART
- πειναση: VERB,aor,act,sub,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- πιστευων: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,sg,m
- εις: PREP
- εμε: PRON,acc,sg,1
- ου: PART,neg
- μη: PART
- διψησει: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,sg
- πωποτε: ADV
Parallels
- John 6:48-51 (verbal): Jesus repeats and expands the same self‑identification—'I am the bread of life' and describes himself as the living bread that came down from heaven, directly continuing the theme and wording of 6:35.
- Exodus 16:4-15 (allusion): The giving of manna ('bread from heaven') to feed Israel is the Old Testament backdrop for the bread imagery; Jesus casts himself as the true provision that satisfies hunger in a deeper, covenantal sense.
- John 4:13-14 (thematic): Jesus uses a parallel life‑sustaining metaphor (living water) to describe the spiritual satisfaction he alone provides—linking the ideas of quenching thirst and satisfying hunger with faith in him.
- Matthew 4:4 (quotation): Jesus cites Deuteronomy ('Man shall not live by bread alone') during his temptation, invoking the distinction between physical bread and the life God provides—a theme central to the 'bread of life' claim.
- Psalm 78:24-25 (allusion): The psalm's depiction of God sending 'bread from heaven' and 'food of angels' resonates with the manna tradition and helps explain the messianic expectation behind Jesus' claim to be heavenly bread that gives life.
Alternative generated candidates
- Jesus said to them, “I am the bread of life. Whoever comes to me will never hunger, and whoever believes in me will never thirst.
- Jesus said to them, "I am the bread of life. Whoever comes to me will never hunger, and whoever believes in me will never thirst."
John.6.36 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- αλλ᾽ειπον: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,sg
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
- οτι: CONJ
- και: CONJ
- εωρακατε: VERB,perf,act,ind,2,pl
- με: PRON,acc,sg,1
- και: CONJ
- ου: PART,neg
- πιστευετε: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,pl
Parallels
- John 12:37-38 (thematic): Despite Jesus’ many signs, people did not believe — parallels the observation that they had seen him yet would not believe.
- John 6:40 (verbal): Jesus links seeing/coming to the Son with believing and receiving eternal life, contrasting unbelief despite seeing.
- John 6:44 (thematic): No one can come to Jesus unless the Father draws him — helps explain why people who have seen Jesus may still not believe.
- John 14:9 (verbal): Jesus’ claim that seeing him is seeing the Father echoes the significance of having seen him and the failure to recognize/believe.
Alternative generated candidates
- But I told you that you have seen me and yet do not believe.
- I told you that you have seen me and yet do not believe."
John.6.37 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- παν: ADJ,nom,sg,n
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- διδωσιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- μοι: PRON,dat,sg,1
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- πατηρ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- προς: PREP
- εμε: PRON,acc,sg,1
- ηξει: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- ερχομενον: VERB,pres,mid,part,acc,sg,m
- προς: PREP
- με: PRON,acc,sg,1
- ου: PART,neg
- μη: PART
- εκβαλω: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- εξω: ADV
Parallels
- John 6:44 (thematic): Both verses stress the Father's initiative in bringing people to Jesus—no one comes to Jesus apart from the Father's drawing/giving.
- John 6:39 (verbal): Shares the language of what the Father has 'given' to Jesus and affirms Jesus' commitment to lose none—paralleling 'all that the Father gives' and 'I will never drive away.'
- John 10:28-29 (thematic): Emphasizes the security of those given to Jesus (eternal life; no one snatches them), echoing the promise that Jesus will not cast out anyone who comes to him.
- John 17:9 (allusion): Jesus explicitly prays for 'those you have given me,' highlighting the same Father-given group and Jesus' care for them.
- Romans 8:30 (thematic): Describes God's ordered plan (predestined, called, justified, glorified), resonating with the theme of divine initiative and the assured coming/receiving of those God gives to Christ.
Alternative generated candidates
- All that the Father gives me will come to me, and whoever comes to me I will never cast out.
- All that the Father gives me will come to me; and the one who comes to me I will by no means cast out.
John.6.38 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- οτι: CONJ
- καταβεβηκα: VERB,perf,act,ind,1,sg
- απο: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ουρανου: NOUN,gen,sg,masc
- ουχ: PART,neg
- ινα: CONJ
- ποιω: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- θελημα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- εμον: PRON,nom,sg,1
- αλλα: CONJ
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- θελημα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- πεμψαντος: VERB,aor,act,part,gen,sg,m
- με·: PRON,acc,sg,1
Parallels
- John 5:19 (verbal): Jesus emphasizes dependence on the Father’s will and action: 'The Son can do nothing of his own accord, but only what he sees the Father doing,' paralleling the claim that he came not to do his own will but the will of the one who sent him.
- John 5:30 (verbal): Close verbal and thematic parallel: 'I can do nothing on my own. As I hear, I judge, and my judgment is just, because I seek not my own will but the will of him who sent me,' nearly repeating the Johannine theme of Jesus acting to accomplish the Father’s will.
- John 4:34 (verbal): Jesus defines his sustenance as doing the Father's will: 'My food is to do the will of him who sent me and to accomplish his work,' echoing the motive stated in John 6:38 for his coming.
- Psalm 40:6-8 (allusion): The psalmist’s language about coming to do God’s will ('Behold, I come... I delight to do your will') serves as an Old Testament antecedent for the idea of divine mission—used in the NT to interpret Christ’s purpose.
- Philippians 2:6-8 (thematic): Paul’s hymn portrays the Son humbling himself and taking human form to obey the Father ('he humbled himself by becoming obedient to the point of death'), resonating with John’s emphasis that the Son came from heaven to carry out the Father’s will.
Alternative generated candidates
- For I have come down from heaven, not to do my own will, but the will of him who sent me.
- For I have come down from heaven, not to do my own will but the will of him who sent me.
John.6.39 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- τουτο: PRON,nom,sg,n
- δε: CONJ
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- θελημα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- πεμψαντος: VERB,aor,act,part,gen,sg,m
- με: PRON,acc,sg,1
- ινα: CONJ
- παν: ADJ,nom,sg,n
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- δεδωκεν: VERB,perf,act,ind,3,sg
- μοι: PRON,dat,sg,1
- μη: PART
- απολεσω: VERB,aor,act,subj,1,sg
- εξ: PREP
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- αλλα: CONJ
- αναστησω: VERB,fut,act,ind,1,sg
- αυτο: PRON,acc,sg,neut
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- εσχατη: ADJ,dat,sg,fem
- ημερα: NOUN,dat,sg,f
Parallels
- John 6:40 (verbal): Repeats the same will of the Father: that everyone who sees the Son and believes may have eternal life and that Jesus will raise them up on the last day—near-verbatim parallel to 6:39's promise of resurrection on the last day.
- John 10:27–29 (thematic): Emphasizes the security and preservation of those given to Jesus—'no one will snatch them out of my hand'—echoing 6:39's assurance that Jesus will not lose any of those the Father gave him.
- John 17:2 (allusion): In Jesus' high-priestly prayer he links the Father’s giving of people to the Son with the gift of eternal life—paralleling 6:39's focus on the Father giving and Jesus preserving/raising them to eternal life.
- Romans 8:30 (structural): Presents the salvific sequence culminating in glorification ('those he justified he also glorified'), paralleling 6:39's eschatological assurance that those given to Jesus will be raised on the last day.
- Philippians 1:6 (thematic): Affirms God's preserving/completing work in believers ('he who began a good work in you will bring it to completion'), thematically resonant with 6:39's promise that Jesus will not lose those given him but will raise them up.
Alternative generated candidates
- And this is the will of him who sent me: that of all he has given me I should lose nothing, but raise it up on the last day.
- And this is the will of him who sent me: that I should lose nothing of all that he has given me, but raise it up on the last day.
John.6.40 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- τουτο: PRON,nom,sg,n
- γαρ: PART
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- θελημα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- πατρος: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- ινα: CONJ
- πας: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- θεωρων: VERB,pres,act,ptc,nom,m,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- υιον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- πιστευων: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,sg,m
- εις: PREP
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- εχη: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ζωην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- αιωνιον: ADJ,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- αναστησω: VERB,fut,act,ind,1,sg
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- εγω: PRON,nom,sg,1
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- εσχατη: ADJ,dat,sg,f
- ημερα: NOUN,dat,sg,f
Parallels
- John 6:39 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same discourse: Jesus states the Father's will to preserve those given to him and to raise them up on the last day—nearly identical promise and language.
- John 6:47 (verbal): Concise reiteration in John 6: belief in Jesus guarantees eternal life—same core claim about belief producing eternal life.
- John 5:24 (thematic): Similar Johannine theme: believing Jesus' word results in possession of eternal life and deliverance from judgment (present and future aspects of salvation).
- John 11:25-26 (thematic): Jesus as 'the resurrection and the life': those who believe in him will live even though they die and will not perish—links belief, eternal life, and future resurrection.
Alternative generated candidates
- For this is the will of my Father: that everyone who looks on the Son and believes in him should have eternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day.”
- For this is the will of my Father: that everyone who looks on the Son and believes in him should have eternal life; and I will raise him up on the last day.
John.6.41 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Εγογγυζον: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,pl
- ουν: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- Ιουδαιοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- περι: PREP
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- οτι: CONJ
- ειπεν·Εγω: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- ειμι: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- αρτος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- καταβας: PART,aor,act,nom,sg,m
- εκ: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ουρανου: NOUN,gen,sg,masc
Parallels
- John 6:35 (verbal): Jesus' self-identification as 'the bread of life' — same metaphor and claim about being spiritual bread.
- John 6:33 (verbal): Speaks of 'the bread of God' that 'comes down from heaven'—direct thematic and verbal parallel to 'the bread...came down from heaven.'
- John 6:51 (verbal): Reiterates and expands the claim ('living bread...came down from heaven'), echoing the language of John 6:41 and clarifying its salvific significance.
- Exodus 16:4 (allusion): God promises to 'rain bread from heaven' (manna) for Israel—background motif for Jesus' claim of heavenly bread.
- Exodus 16:2-3 (structural): The Israelites' grumbling about lack of food mirrors the Jews' grumbling against Jesus, linking complaint about provision with the manna narrative.
Alternative generated candidates
- So the Jews grumbled at him because he said, “I am the bread that came down from heaven.”
- The Jews then began to grumble about him because he said, "I am the bread that came down from heaven."
John.6.42 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ελεγον·Ουχ: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,pl
- ουτος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- Ιησους: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- υιος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- Ιωσηφ: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- ου: PART,neg
- ημεις: PRON,nom,pl,1
- οιδαμεν: VERB,perf,act,ind,1,pl
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- πατερα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- μητερα: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- πως: ADV
- νυν: ADV
- λεγει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- οτι: CONJ
- Εκ: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ουρανου: NOUN,gen,sg,masc
- καταβεβηκα: VERB,perf,act,ind,1,sg
Parallels
- Luke 4:22 (verbal): Crowd in Nazareth says the same identifying question, 'Is not this Joseph's son?', linking Jesus' local family identity to skepticism about his authority.
- Mark 6:3 (thematic): Hometown objection—people call Jesus 'the carpenter, the son of Mary' (or 'son of Joseph') and express astonishment and disbelief at his claims and authority.
- Matthew 13:55 (thematic): Similar list of Jesus' relatives ('Is not this the carpenter's son?') used to question his origins and authority, paralleling the incredulity in John 6:42.
- John 3:13 (verbal): Explicit Johannine teaching that no one has ascended into heaven except the one who descended from heaven—directly relates to Jesus' claim 'I came down from heaven' that provokes the question in 6:42.
- John 6:51 (quotation): Jesus' declaration 'I am the living bread that came down from heaven' restates the same claim to heavenly origin that elicits the crowd's skeptical response in 6:42.
Alternative generated candidates
- They said, “Is not this Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know? How then does he say, ‘I have come down from heaven’?”
- They said, "Is not this Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know? How then does he say, 'I came down from heaven'?"
John.6.43 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- απεκριθη: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- Ιησους: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτοις·Μη: PRON,dat,pl,m+PART
- γογγυζετε: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,pl
- μετ᾽αλληλων: PREP+NOUN,gen,pl,m
Parallels
- John 6:41 (structural): Immediate context: the Jews are said to 'murmur' at Jesus for claiming to be the bread from heaven (the preceding verse to 6:43), prompting his command not to grumble.
- James 5:9 (verbal): Uses the same verb and command (μὴ γογγύζετε) — 'Do not grumble against one another' — echoing Jesus' prohibition against mutual complaining.
- 1 Corinthians 10:10 (allusion): Paul warns the Corinthians not to 'murmur' as some did in the wilderness (leading to judgment), drawing on the same theme of dangerous grumbling against God/leadership.
- Philippians 2:14 (thematic): Paul's ethical injunction 'do all things without grumbling or disputing' parallels Jesus' call to avoid internal complaining among believers.
- Psalm 106:25 (LXX/Ps. 105:25 MT) (verbal): The OT portrayal of Israel 'murmuring in their tents' provides the background motif of communal grumbling that New Testament authors (and Jesus here) address and condemn.
Alternative generated candidates
- Jesus answered them, “Do not grumble among yourselves.
- Jesus answered them, "Do not murmur among yourselves.
John.6.44 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ουδεις: PRON,nom,sg,m
- δυναται: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,sg
- ελθειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- προς: PREP
- με: PRON,acc,sg,1
- εαν: CONJ
- μη: PART
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- πατηρ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- πεμψας: VERB,aor,act,ptc,nom,sg,m
- με: PRON,acc,sg,1
- ελκυση: VERB,pres,act,subj,3,sg
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- καγω: CONJ+PRON,nom,sg,1
- αναστησω: VERB,fut,act,ind,1,sg
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- εν: PREP
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- εσχατη: ADJ,dat,sg,f
- ημερα: NOUN,dat,sg,f
Parallels
- John 6:37 (thematic): Both verses emphasize divine initiative: those given by the Father come to Jesus (echoes 'no one can come... unless the Father draws').
- John 6:65 (verbal): Explicitly repeats the point that coming to Jesus depends on the Father’s granting—close verbal/theological parallel to 6:44.
- John 12:32 (verbal): Uses the same verb 'draw' (helkysō) and links Jesus’ mission with divine drawing of people to himself.
- John 6:40 (verbal): Repeats the promise 'I will raise him up on the last day,' directly paralleling the resurrection assurance in 6:44.
- Romans 8:30 (thematic): Shares the theme of God’s prior initiative in salvation (predestination → calling → justification), analogous to the Father’s drawing in John 6:44.
Alternative generated candidates
- No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me draws him; and I will raise him up on the last day.
- No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me draws him; and I will raise him up on the last day.
John.6.45 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- γεγραμμενον: VERB,perf,pass,part,nom,sg,n
- εν: PREP
- τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
- προφηταις·Και: NOUN,dat,pl,m+CONJ
- εσονται: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,pl
- παντες: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- διδακτοι: VERB,perf,pass,ptc,nom,pl,m
- θεου·πας: NOUN,gen,sg,m+ADJ,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- ακουσας: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,m,sg
- παρα: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- πατρος: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- μαθων: VERB,aor,act,ptc,nom,sg,m
- ερχεται: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,sg
- προς: PREP
- εμε: PRON,acc,sg,1
Parallels
- Isaiah 54:13 (quotation): John explicitly cites this prophetic line—'They shall all be taught of the LORD'—as the source for 'They shall all be taught of God.'
- Jeremiah 31:33-34 (allusion): Speaks of God's law written on hearts and 'they shall all know me,' echoing John’s theme that knowledge/taughtness by the Father brings people to the Son.
- John 6:44 (structural): Immediate Johannine context: 'No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me draws him,' which frames how hearing/being taught by the Father results in coming to Jesus.
- John 6:65 (verbal): Repeats the theological point in slightly different words: 'No one can come to me unless it is granted him by the Father,' reinforcing divine initiative in coming to Christ.
Alternative generated candidates
- It is written in the prophets, ‘They shall all be taught by God.’ Everyone who has heard and learned from the Father comes to me.
- It is written in the prophets, 'They will all be taught by God.' Everyone who has heard from the Father and learned comes to me.
John.6.46 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ουχ: PART,neg
- οτι: CONJ
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- πατερα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- εωρακεν: VERB,perf,act,ind,3,sg
- τις: PRON,nom,sg,?
- ει: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- μη: PART
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- ων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- παρα: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ουτος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- εωρακεν: VERB,perf,act,ind,3,sg
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- πατερα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- John 14:9 (verbal): Jesus: 'Whoever has seen me has seen the Father' — an explicit reciprocal formulation linking seeing Jesus with seeing the Father, closely echoing John 6:46's claim about seeing the Father in the one from God.
- John 1:18 (verbal): 'No one has ever seen God; the only Son... has made him known' — similar Johannine assertion that the Son uniquely reveals/has access to the Father and that others have not seen the Father.
- John 5:37 (verbal): 'You have neither heard his voice at any time nor seen his form' — Jesus' statement that people have not seen or heard the Father, paralleling the negative claim in John 6:46 about human sight of the Father.
- 1 John 4:12 (thematic): 'No one has ever seen God' — early Christian tradition echoing the theme that God has not been seen by humans, underscoring the Son's unique revelatory role mentioned in John 6:46.
- Exodus 33:20 (allusion): 'You cannot see my face, for man shall not see me and live' — Old Testament background asserting the impossibility/danger of seeing God directly, which John 6:46 navigates by locating sight of the Father in the one 'from God.'
Alternative generated candidates
- Not that anyone has seen the Father except the one who is from God; he has seen the Father.
- Not that anyone has seen the Father except the one who is from God; he has seen the Father.
John.6.47 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- αμην: PART
- αμην: PART
- λεγω: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- πιστευων: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,sg,m
- εχει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ζωην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- αιωνιον: ADJ,acc,sg,f
Parallels
- John 3:16 (verbal): Uses the same believer→eternal life formula: 'whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life,' closely matching John 6:47's claim that believing grants eternal life.
- John 3:36 (verbal): Explicit parallel wording: 'Whoever believes in the Son has eternal life; whoever does not obey the Son shall not see life,' reinforcing the link between faith in the Son and possession of eternal life.
- John 5:24 (verbal): Jesus declares that hearing his word and believing the sender results in having eternal life and passing from death to life—same soteriological promise present in John 6:47.
- 1 John 5:11-12 (allusion): Affirms that God gave eternal life and that this life is in the Son: 'Whoever has the Son has life,' echoing John 6:47's identification of belief in (possession of) life through the Son.
- Romans 6:23 (thematic): Presents eternal life as God's gift (in Christ Jesus) in contrast to death as sin's wage, providing a theological framework for John 6:47's promise that believers possess eternal life.
Alternative generated candidates
- Truly, truly, I say to you, whoever believes has eternal life.
- Truly, truly I say to you, whoever believes has eternal life.
John.6.48 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- εγω: PRON,nom,sg,1
- ειμι: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- αρτος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- ζωης·: NOUN,gen,sg,f
Parallels
- John 6:35 (verbal): Direct repetition of Jesus' claim—'I am the bread of life' appears earlier in the same discourse.
- John 6:51 (verbal): Same bread-of-life theme phrased as 'I am the living bread' and linked to coming down from heaven.
- John 6:33 (thematic): Speaks of the 'bread of God' that came down from heaven and gives life to the world—a conceptual source for Jesus' claim.
- Exodus 16:4 (allusion): God provides manna—'bread from heaven'—the Exodus manna tradition underlies Jesus' bread imagery.
- John 11:25 (structural): Another Johannine 'I am' saying—'I am the resurrection and the life'—highlighting the motif of Jesus as the source of life.
Alternative generated candidates
- I am the bread of life.
- I am the bread of life.
John.6.49 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- πατερες: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- υμων: PRON,gen,pl,2
- εφαγον: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- εν: PREP
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- ερημω: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- μαννα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- απεθανον·: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
Parallels
- Exodus 16:35 (thematic): Narrative account that Israel ate manna in the wilderness for forty years — the historical background to Jesus’ remark about the fathers eating manna.
- Psalm 78:24-25 (thematic): Poetic retelling of God providing manna (“bread of heaven”) to Israel in the wilderness; connects the provision of manna with the wilderness generation.
- John 6:31 (verbal): Immediate internal parallel in the same discourse where Jesus cites the crowd’s claim that their fathers ate manna — the same tradition Jesus here references.
- 1 Corinthians 10:3-5 (allusion): Paul links the OT manna with the Israelites’ experience in the wilderness and notes that many of that generation were judged — echoes Jesus’ point that those who ate manna still died.
- Hebrews 3:16-19 (thematic): Reflection on the wilderness generation’s unbelief and exclusion from the promised rest (they died/failed to enter the land), using the same historical episode to warn against lack of faith.
Alternative generated candidates
- Your fathers ate the manna in the wilderness and died.
- Your fathers ate the manna and died.
John.6.50 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ουτος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- αρτος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- εκ: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ουρανου: NOUN,gen,sg,masc
- καταβαινων: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,sg,m
- ινα: CONJ
- τις: PRON,nom,sg,?
- εξ: PREP
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- φαγη: VERB,aor,act,subj,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- μη: PART
- αποθανη·: VERB,pres,act,subj,3,sg
Parallels
- John 6:35 (thematic): Jesus declares himself 'the bread of life' and promises that those who come to him will not hunger—same theme of heavenly bread giving life and preventing death/hunger.
- John 6:33 (verbal): Explicitly calls the provision 'the bread of God...which comes down from heaven' and links it to giving life to the world—close verbal and conceptual parallel to v.50.
- John 6:51 (verbal): Jesus calls himself 'the living bread' that came down from heaven and says whoever eats it will live forever—an immediate restatement/expansion of the claim in v.50.
- Exodus 16:4,15 (allusion): God provides 'bread from heaven' (manna) to sustain Israel in the wilderness; the Johannine 'bread from heaven' alludes to and reinterprets this Israelite prototype.
- Deuteronomy 8:3 (thematic): 'Man does not live by bread alone'—Deuteronomy links God's provision of bread to life and dependence on God's word, a theme Jesus reframes in terms of heavenly bread that gives true/eternal life.
Alternative generated candidates
- This is the bread that comes down from heaven, so that one may eat of it and not die.
- This is the bread that comes down from heaven, that one may eat of it and not die.
John.6.51 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- εγω: PRON,nom,sg,1
- ειμι: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- αρτος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- ζων: VERB,pres,act,ptc,m,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- εκ: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ουρανου: NOUN,gen,sg,masc
- καταβας·εαν: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,m,sg
- τις: PRON,nom,sg,?
- φαγη: VERB,aor,act,subj,3,sg
- εκ: PREP
- τουτου: DEM,gen,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- αρτου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ζησει: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,sg
- εις: PREP
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- αιωνα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- αρτος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- ον: PART,pres,act,nom,sg,m
- εγω: PRON,nom,sg,1
- δωσω: VERB,fut,act,ind,1,sg
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- σαρξ: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- υπερ: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- κοσμου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ζωης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
Parallels
- John 6:33 (verbal): Uses the same concept of bread 'from heaven' that 'gives life to the world'—closely parallels the language and theological claim of 6:51 about heavenly bread and life.
- John 6:35 (verbal): 'I am the bread of life' is the immediate Johannine formulation of the theme; establishes the identity of Jesus as the life-giving bread that 6:51 explicates.
- John 6:54 (thematic): Continues the sacramental/eucharistic discourse: eating Jesus' flesh and drinking his blood is linked explicitly to receiving eternal life, a direct thematic continuation of 6:51's 'my flesh…for the life of the world.'
- Exodus 16:4 (allusion): Manna tradition—God provides 'bread from heaven' to sustain Israel's life. John 6 alludes to and reinterprets the manna motif, presenting Jesus as the true heavenly bread.
- 1 Corinthians 11:24 (quotation): Paul's report of Jesus' words at the Last Supper ('This is my body') parallels John 6:51's identification of Jesus' flesh as the life-giving bread, connecting Johannine language to early Eucharistic tradition.
Alternative generated candidates
- I am the living bread that came down from heaven. If anyone eats of this bread he will live forever. And the bread that I will give for the life of the world is my flesh.”
- I am the living bread that came down from heaven. If anyone eats of this bread he will live forever; and the bread that I will give for the life of the world is my flesh."
John.6.52 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- Εμαχοντο: VERB,impf,mp,ind,3,pl
- ουν: CONJ
- προς: PREP
- αλληλους: PRON,acc,pl,m
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- Ιουδαιοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- λεγοντες·Πως: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,pl,m
- δυναται: VERB,pres,mid,ind,3,sg
- ουτος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- ημιν: PRON,dat,pl,1
- δουναι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- σαρκα: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- φαγειν: VERB,aor,act,inf
Parallels
- John 6:51 (verbal): Immediately preceding statement: Jesus identifies the bread he gives as his flesh — the verbal basis for the Jews' question about eating his flesh.
- John 6:53-58 (verbal): Immediate continuation in which Jesus insists that one must eat his flesh and drink his blood to have life, directly addressing the objection in 6:52.
- John 6:60 (structural): Later reaction within the same discourse: many disciples call Jesus' words a 'hard saying' and express inability to accept them, paralleling the skeptical question of 6:52.
- Luke 22:19 (quotation): At the Last Supper Jesus says 'This is my body' as he gives bread to his disciples — a direct institution of eating Jesus' body that thematically parallels John 6's language.
- 1 Corinthians 10:16-17 (thematic): Paul's eucharistic language ('the cup of blessing... the bread which we break') frames participation in Christ's body and blood, echoing the theological significance of 'eating' Christ in John 6.
Alternative generated candidates
- The Jews therefore disputed among themselves, saying, “How can this man give us his flesh to eat?”
- The Jews therefore disputed among themselves, saying, "How can this man give us his flesh to eat?"
John.6.53 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- ουν: CONJ
- αυτοις: PRO,dat,pl,3
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Ιησους·Αμην: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- αμην: PART
- λεγω: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
- εαν: CONJ
- μη: PART
- φαγητε: VERB,fut,act,ind,2,pl
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- σαρκα: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- υιου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ανθρωπου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- πιητε: VERB,fut,act,ind,2,pl
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- αιμα: NOUN,nom,sg,neut
- ουκ: PART,neg
- εχετε: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl
- ζωην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- εν: PREP
- εαυτοις: PRON,dat,pl,m
Parallels
- John 6:51 (verbal): Jesus again explicitly calls himself the 'living bread' and states that he gives his flesh for the life of the world—close verbal parallel to 6:53's eat my flesh for life.
- John 6:54 (verbal): Immediate follow-up verse repeating and expanding 6:53: whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life and will be raised on the last day.
- John 6:35 (thematic): Earlier summary of the chapter's theme: 'I am the bread of life; whoever comes to me shall not hunger,' framing the eating language of 6:53 as spiritual nourishment.
- Matthew 26:26-28 (thematic): Institution of the Lord's Supper: Jesus speaks of bread as his body and cup as his blood of the new covenant—the sacramental/body-and-blood language parallels John 6's eating/drinking motif.
- 1 Corinthians 11:23-26 (quotation): Paul quotes the Lord's words about the bread as my body and the cup as my blood in the context of the Eucharist, providing an early Christian practice that echoes John 6's body-and-blood imagery.
Alternative generated candidates
- Jesus said to them, “Truly, truly, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in you.
- Jesus said to them, "Truly, truly I say to you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in yourselves.
John.6.54 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- τρωγων: PART,pres,act,nom,sg,m
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- σαρκα: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- πινων: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,sg,m
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- αιμα: NOUN,nom,sg,neut
- εχει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ζωην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- αιωνιον: ADJ,acc,sg,f
- καγω: CONJ+PRON,nom,sg,1
- αναστησω: VERB,fut,act,ind,1,sg
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- εσχατη: ADJ,dat,sg,f
- ημερα: NOUN,dat,sg,f
Parallels
- John 6:51 (verbal): Same Bread of Life discourse: Jesus identifies himself as living bread and repeats that whoever eats his flesh will have eternal life (explicitly links eating his flesh to living forever).
- John 6:40 (structural): Closely related statement of Jesus' purpose: the Father's will that everyone who looks to the Son have eternal life and be raised on the last day—parallels the promise to those who eat and drink.
- John 11:25 (thematic): Jesus' declaration 'I am the resurrection and the life' thematically connects the promise of eternal life and future raising in John 6:54.
- 1 Corinthians 11:23-26 (quotation): Paul's account of the Lord's Supper records Jesus' words about bread as his body and the cup as his blood—directly echoes John 6's eating/drinking imagery and its soteriological/eschatological implications.
- Matthew 26:26-28 (allusion): The Last Supper narrative in the Synoptics (bread as my body, cup as my blood of the covenant) resonates with John 6's language of eating flesh and drinking blood and the covenantal/eternal-life significance.
Alternative generated candidates
- Whoever feeds on my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day.
- Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day.
John.6.55 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- γαρ: PART
- σαρξ: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- αληθης: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- εστι: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- βρωσις: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- αιμα: NOUN,nom,sg,neut
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- αληθης: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- εστι: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ποσις: NOUN,nom,sg,f
Parallels
- John 6:53 (verbal): Immediate context: Jesus explicitly says one must 'eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood,' repeating the same language about flesh and blood as necessary for life.
- John 6:51 (verbal): Earlier in the discourse Jesus identifies his flesh as the living bread given for the life of the world, linking 'flesh' with the bread imagery developed in 6:55.
- Matthew 26:26-28 (quotation): At the Last Supper Jesus declares the bread 'my body' and the cup 'my blood of the covenant,' directly associating his body and blood with bread and drink.
- 1 Corinthians 11:23-26 (quotation): Paul records Jesus' words at the Lord's Supper ('This is my body... this cup is the new covenant in my blood'), using the same body/blood to signify participation and remembrance.
- Exodus 24:8 (allusion): Moses sprinkles blood on the people, calling it 'the blood of the covenant'—an Old Testament precedent for understanding blood as inaugurating covenantal fellowship, echoed in Jesus' body/blood language.
Alternative generated candidates
- For my flesh is real food, and my blood is real drink.
- For my flesh is true food, and my blood is true drink.
John.6.56 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- τρωγων: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,sg,m
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- σαρκα: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- πινων: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,sg,m
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- αιμα: NOUN,nom,sg,neut
- εν: PREP
- εμοι: PRON,dat,sg,1
- μενει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- καγω: CONJ+PRON,nom,sg,1
- εν: PREP
- αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
Parallels
- John 6:54 (verbal): Close verbal parallel — repeats the eating/drinking language and links it to possession of eternal life, continuing the same Eucharistic metaphor.
- John 6:51 (thematic): Same discourse identifying Jesus as the 'living bread' whose flesh gives life to the world; establishes the sacramental theme of eating Jesus' flesh.
- Matthew 26:26-28 (allusion): Institution of the Lord's Supper: bread and cup are presented as Jesus' body and blood; echoes and ritualizes the eating/drinking imagery of John 6.
- 1 Corinthians 11:23-26 (quotation): Paul's account of the Lord's Supper records Jesus' words about body and blood and the command to 'do this,' connecting early Christian practice to the eating/drinking language.
- John 15:4-5 (structural): Uses the same 'abide/remain' (μένει/μένω) motif — 'abide in me and I in you' — paralleling the mutual indwelling expressed in John 6:56.
Alternative generated candidates
- Whoever feeds on my flesh and drinks my blood abides in me, and I in him.
- Whoever feeds on my flesh and drinks my blood abides in me, and I in him.
John.6.57 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- καθως: CONJ
- απεστειλεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- με: PRON,acc,sg,1
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- ζων: VERB,pres,act,ptc,m,sg
- πατηρ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- καγω: CONJ+PRON,nom,sg,1
- ζω: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- δια: PREP
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- πατερα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- τρωγων: PTCP,pres,act,nom,sg,m
- με: PRON,acc,sg,1
- κακεινος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- ζησει: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,sg
- δι᾽εμε: PREP+PRON,acc,sg,1
Parallels
- John 5:26 (verbal): Speaks of the Father having life in himself and granting the Son to have life in himself—parallels 'I live because of the Father,' emphasizing mutual life between Father and Son.
- John 5:21 (thematic): Affirms that as the Father gives life, so the Son gives life—echoes the theme that life comes through the Son in relation to the Father.
- John 6:51 (structural): Earlier in the 'Bread of Life' discourse Jesus calls himself 'the living bread' and connects eating him with living—directly frames 'whoever feeds on me will live because of me.'
- John 6:54 (verbal): Promises that whoever eats Jesus' flesh and drinks his blood has eternal life—closely parallels the promise that feeding on Jesus results in life.
- John 11:25 (thematic): Jesus declares himself 'the resurrection and the life' and that belief in him leads to life—resonates with the claim that communion with Jesus brings life.
Alternative generated candidates
- Just as the living Father sent me, and I live because of the Father, so whoever feeds on me will live because of me.
- Just as the living Father sent me, and I live because of the Father, so the one who feeds on me will live because of me.
John.6.58 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ουτος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- αρτος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- εξ: PREP
- ουρανου: NOUN,gen,sg,masc
- καταβας: PART,aor,act,nom,sg,m
- ου: PART,neg
- καθως: CONJ
- εφαγον: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- πατερες: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- απεθανον·ο: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- τρωγων: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,sg,m
- τουτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- αρτον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- ζησει: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,sg
- εις: PREP
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- αιωνα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- John 6:51 (verbal): Repeats the language of bread from heaven and links eating the bread with eternal life (’I am the living bread…whoever eats this bread will live forever’).
- John 6:35 (verbal): Jesus’ declaration ‘I am the bread of life’ sets the same theological framework—eating Jesus (believing in him) brings life, contrasting ordinary food’s temporality.
- Exodus 16:4 (allusion): God provides manna as ‘bread from heaven’ for Israel; John contrasts that provision (which did not prevent death) with the heavenly bread that gives eternal life.
- Psalm 78:24-25 (thematic): Describes God raining down manna as food for Israel (‘bread from heaven’), a background motif John invokes to interpret manna typologically in terms of Christ.
- 1 Corinthians 10:3-4 (thematic): Paul treats Israel’s eating of the miraculous bread as spiritually significant; this New Testament reflection echoes John’s move to spiritualize manna as fulfilled in Christ, the true sustaining food.
Alternative generated candidates
- This is the bread that came down from heaven—not as your fathers ate and died. Whoever eats this bread will live forever.”
- This is the bread that came down from heaven—not like the bread your fathers ate and died. Whoever eats this bread will live forever."
John.6.59 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ταυτα: PRON,acc,pl,n
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- εν: PREP
- συναγωγη: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- διδασκων: VERB,pres,act,ptc,nom,sg,m
- εν: PREP
- Καφαρναουμ: NOUN,acc,sg,n
Parallels
- Mark 1:21 (verbal): Explicitly records Jesus entering the synagogue at Capernaum and teaching there—closely parallels John’s location and synagogue-teaching motif.
- Luke 4:31 (structural): Places Jesus in Capernaum teaching in the synagogue (on the Sabbath), paralleling John’s note about Jesus’ teaching activity in that town.
- Luke 4:16 (thematic): Describes Jesus’ regular practice of teaching in synagogues (here Nazareth), matching John’s remark about Jesus teaching in a synagogue context.
- Matthew 4:23 (thematic): Summarizes Jesus’ ministry as teaching in synagogues throughout Galilee, providing the broader pattern behind the specific Johannine note.
- John 7:14 (thematic): Another Johannine instance where Jesus goes into a Jewish religious setting (the temple courts) and begins to teach—parallels the Gospel’s emphasis on Jesus’ public teaching in Jewish worship spaces.
Alternative generated candidates
- He said these things while he was teaching in the synagogue at Capernaum.
- These things he said while teaching in the synagogue at Capernaum.
So when they found him on the other side of the sea, they asked him, "Rabbi, when did you come here?"
Jesus answered them, "Truly, truly, you seek me not because you saw signs, but because you ate the loaves and were filled."
"Do not labor for the food that perishes, but for the food that endures to eternal life, which the Son of Man will give you; for on him God the Father has set his seal."
They said to him, "What must we do, so that we may do the works of God?"
Jesus answered them, "This is the work of God, that you believe in the one whom he has sent."
They said to him, "What then do you show us as a sign, that we may see and believe you? What work do you do?"
Our fathers ate the manna in the wilderness, as it is written, 'He gave them bread from heaven to eat.'"
Jesus said to them, "Truly, truly, Moses did not give you the bread from heaven; my Father gives you the true bread from heaven.
For the bread of God is the one who has come down from heaven and gives life to the world."
They said to him, "Lord, always give us this bread."
Jesus said to them, "I am the bread of life; whoever comes to me will never hunger, and whoever believes in me will never thirst." But I told you that you have seen me and yet do not believe.
All that the Father gives me will come to me, and whoever comes to me I will never cast out.
For I have come down from heaven, not to do my own will but the will of him who sent me. And this is the will of him who sent me: that I should lose nothing of all that he has given me, but raise it up on the last day.
For this is the will of my Father: that everyone who sees the Son and believes in him should have eternal life; and I will raise him up on the last day.
Then the Jews began to complain among themselves because he said, "I am the bread that came down from heaven."
They said, "Is not this Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know? How then does he say, 'I have come down from heaven'?"
Jesus answered them, "Do not grumble among yourselves."
"No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me draws him; and I will raise him up on the last day."
It is written in the prophets, 'They shall all be taught by God.' Everyone who has heard the Father and learned comes to me.
Not that anyone has seen the Father, except the one who is from God; he has seen the Father.
Truly, truly, I say to you, whoever believes has eternal life.
I am the bread of life.
Your fathers ate the manna in the wilderness and died.
This is the bread that comes down from heaven, that one may eat of it and not die.
I am the living bread that came down from heaven. If anyone eats of this bread he will live forever; and the bread that I will give for the life of the world is my flesh.
Then the Jews disputed among themselves, saying, "How can this man give us his flesh to eat?"
Jesus therefore said to them, "Truly, truly, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in you.
Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day.
For my flesh is true food, and my blood is true drink.
Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood abides in me, and I in him.
As the living Father has sent me and I live because of the Father, so whoever eats me will live because of me.
This is the bread that came down from heaven, not as your fathers ate and died; whoever eats this bread will live forever.
These things he said while teaching in the synagogue at Capernaum.