The Repair of Jerusalem's Walls and Gates
Nehemiah 3:1-32
Neh.3.1 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויקם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אלישיב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הגדול: ADJ,m,sg,def
- ואחיו: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:3,m,sg
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ויבנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הצאן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- המה: PRON,3,m,pl
- קדשוהו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl,obj3ms
- ויעמידו: VERB,hiphil,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- דלתתיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs,poss3ms
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- מגדל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המאה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- קדשוהו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl,obj3ms
- עד: PREP
- מגדל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חננאל: NOUN,prop,m,sg,cons
Parallels
- Nehemiah 2:17-18 (thematic): Nehemiah's initial proclamation to rebuild Jerusalem's walls and gates sets the immediate context for the detailed listing in Neh 3, where the priests (beginning with Eliashib) undertake the Sheep Gate.
- Nehemiah 12:39 (structural): The dedication procession at the completed wall names the same landmarks (the Sheep Gate and Tower of Hananel), linking the building work of Neh 3:1 with the later ceremonial dedication.
- Jeremiah 31:38-40 (verbal): Jeremiah's prophetic vision of a rebuilt Jerusalem explicitly mentions the Tower of Hananel and the city's gates, echoing the same topographical markers named in Neh 3:1.
- 1 Chronicles 9:17-27 (structural): This passage lists gatekeepers and their assignments, including duties associated with the Sheep Gate, reflecting the longstanding association of specific gates with priestly/Levitical service as in Neh 3:1.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Eliashib the high priest rose up, and his brethren the priests, and they built the Sheep Gate; they consecrated it and set up its doors; and they consecrated it as far as the Tower of the Hundred and unto the Tower of Hananel.
- And Eliashib the high priest rose up with his fellow priests, and they built the Sheep Gate; they consecrated it and set up its doors, its locks, and its bolts, and consecrated the Tower of the Hundred up to the Tower of Hananel.
Neh.3.2 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- בנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- ירחו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- בנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs+SUFF,3,f,sg
- זכור: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אמרי: VERB,qal,impv,2,f,sg
Parallels
- Nehemiah 3:1 (structural): Opens the same chapter’s list of repairers with the same chiastic list-pattern (naming a leading builder and adjoining workers), showing the literary formula used throughout the chapter.
- Nehemiah 3:3 (verbal): Uses the repeated phrasing of adjoining builders (“next unto them/unto him built…”), mirroring the verbal formula found in v.2 that ties individuals to specific stretches of the wall.
- Nehemiah 3:6 (thematic): Another example in the chapter of individual families/men (and their patronymics) assigned specific sections of the wall to rebuild, illustrating the communal, parcelled nature of the reconstruction described in v.2.
- Nehemiah 3:8 (verbal): Continues the same cataloguing technique—naming a person and his father and stating who rebuilt which section—paralleling the personal attribution (Zaccur son of Imri) found in v.2.
Alternative generated candidates
- Beside them the men of Jericho built, and beside them built Zaccur son of Imri.
- And next to them the men of Jericho built; and next to them built Zaccur son of Imri.
Neh.3.3 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הדגים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- בנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- הסנאה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- המה: PRON,3,m,pl
- קרוהו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl+PRON,3,m,sg
- ויעמידו: VERB,hiphil,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- דלתתיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- מנעוליו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ובריחיו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Nehemiah 3:6 (verbal): Uses virtually the same formula about repairing a gate—“they set up its doors, its locks and its bars”—showing a repeated technical description for gate restoration in Nehemiah 3.
- Nehemiah 3:13 (verbal): Another passage in the chapter that repeats the language of repairing towers/gates and setting up doors, bolts and bars, paralleling the modus operandi recorded at the Fish Gate.
- Nehemiah 2:8 (thematic): Nehemiah’s request to the king for timber to ‘set up the gates’ of the temple and city precedes and provides the logistical/administrative backdrop for the gate repairs like the Fish Gate.
- Nehemiah 12:39 (structural): Lists the Fish Gate among the city gates involved in the priestly and Levitical procession, confirming the Fish Gate’s location and cultic/topographical significance mentioned in Neh 3:3.
- Psalm 147:13 (thematic): Speaks of strengthening ‘the bars of your gates,’ thematically echoing the emphasis on doors, locks and bars in city-gate repair language found in Neh 3:3.
Alternative generated candidates
- The Fish Gate was built by the sons of Hassenaah; they repaired it and set up its doors, its locks, and its bolts.
- And the Fish Gate was repaired by the sons of Senaah; they laid its beams and set up its doors, its locks, and its bolts.
Neh.3.4 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- ידם: NOUN,m,sg,suff,3,m,pl
- החזיק: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- מרמות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אוריה: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הקוץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- ידם: NOUN,m,sg,suff,3,m,pl
- החזיק: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- משלם: VERB,piel,part,3,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ברכיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- משיזבאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- ידם: NOUN,m,sg,suff,3,m,pl
- החזיק: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- צדוק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בענא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 3:1 (structural): Same chapter’s roll-call of individuals and groups who repaired sections of Jerusalem’s wall—this verse is one item in that larger structural list of builders.
- Nehemiah 3:5 (thematic): Nearby verse that continues the catalogue of repairers (the Tekoites and their portion); thematically linked as adjacent entries describing who took responsibility for specific stretches of the wall.
- Ezra 2:2 (thematic): Part of Ezra’s list of those who returned with Zerubbabel—parallels the Nehemiah tradition of naming persons and families involved in the restoration of Jerusalem after the exile.
- 1 Chronicles 24:10 (verbal): Mentions the priestly division of Hakkoz (Hakkōz); connects to the patronymic “ben‑Hakkoz” in Neh 3:4, indicating a link with known priestly family names preserved elsewhere in the Old Testament.
- Nehemiah 7:7 (quotation): Nehemiah 7 repeats and expands lists of returnees and family names found in Ezra/Nehemiah materials; serves as a parallel register to the chapter 3 roll-call of who served in the city’s restoration.
Alternative generated candidates
- Beside them worked Meremoth son of Uriah son of Hakkoz; beside them worked Meshullam son of Berechiah son of Meshezabel; and beside them worked Zadok son of Baana.
- And next to them repaired Meremoth son of Urijah son of Koz; and next to them repaired Meshullam son of Berechiah son of Meshizebaal; and next to them repaired Zadok son of Baana.
Neh.3.5 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- ידם: NOUN,m,sg,suff,3,m,pl
- החזיקו: VERB,hifil,perf,3,m,pl
- התקועים: ADJ,ptc,pass,m,pl,def
- ואדיריהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
- לא: PART_NEG
- הביאו: VERB,hiphil,imperat,2,m,pl
- צורם: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,pl
- בעבדת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cstr
- אדניהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,pl
Parallels
- Ezek.34:2-4 (thematic): Prophetic critique of leaders (shepherds) who feed themselves and neglect the flock—parallels Nehemiah’s note that the nobles would not set their hands to the communal work, i.e., leaders shirking responsibility.
- Micah 3:11 (thematic): Condemns leaders and officials who take bribes and abuse office rather than serve the people—echoes the contrast in Neh 3:5 between common workers who rebuild and nobles who refuse to serve.
- Isa.3:14-15 (thematic): Judgment on princes and rulers who oppress and fail in their duties toward the people—themewise comparable to Nehemiah’s observation of nobles refusing the labor their community needed.
- Jer.22:13-17 (thematic): Condemns a king who builds luxury for himself while failing to act justly for the poor—resonates with Neh 3:5’s motif of leaders neglecting communal obligations while others undertake the work.
Alternative generated candidates
- Beside them the Tekoites repaired, but their nobles would not put their necks to the work of their lord.
- And next to them the Tekoites repaired, but their nobles would not put their shoulders to the work of their lord.
Neh.3.6 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הישנה: ADJ,f,sg,def
- החזיקו: VERB,hifil,perf,3,m,pl
- יוידע: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פסח: ADJ,m,sg
- ומשלם: CONJ+VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בסודיה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,prop
- המה: PRON,3,m,pl
- קרוהו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl+PRON,3,sg,m
- ויעמידו: VERB,hiphil,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- דלתתיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,sg,m
- ומנעליו: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,sg,m
- ובריחיו: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,sg,m
Parallels
- Neh.3.1 (verbal): Same repair formula — men repaired a named gate and “set up its doors, and its bolts, and its bars,” showing the repeated wording and function (Sheep Gate).
- Neh.3.8 (verbal): Valley Gate repair uses the same language (repaired and set up its doors, bolts, and bars), paralleling the specific actions recorded at the Old Gate.
- Neh.3.11 (verbal): East Gate (or another neighboring gate) is described with the identical phrase about putting in doors, bolts, and bars, reflecting the standardized description of gate restoration.
- Neh.3.13 (structural): Repairs of the Tower of Hananel and adjoining sections illustrate the contiguous, project-by-project rebuilding of the wall and gates — same overall program and sequence as the Old Gate entry.
Alternative generated candidates
- The Old Gate was repaired by Joiada son of Paseah and Meshullam son of Besodeiah; they strengthened it and set up its doors, its locks, and its bolts.
- And the Old Gate was repaired by Joiada son of Paseah and Meshullam son of Besodeiah; they laid its beams and set up its doors, its locks, and its bolts.
Neh.3.7 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- ידם: NOUN,m,sg,suff,3,m,pl
- החזיק: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- מלטיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:3,m,sg
- הגבעני: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וידון: CONJ,NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המרנתי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- גבעון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והמצפה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- לכסא: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cons
- פחת: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הנהר: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Nehemiah 2:17-18 (thematic): The call to rebuild Jerusalem's walls and the people's response provides the immediate background and theme for the detailed list of repairers in Neh 3, including the work of the Gibeonites and others.
- Nehemiah 3:6 (structural): An adjacent verse in the same chapter that forms part of the continuous catalogue of gates, families and towns who repaired sections of the wall—illustrates the same structural listing pattern and local detail as v.7.
- Joshua 9:3-27 (allusion): Early Israelite interaction with the inhabitants of Gibeon (the Gibeonites) is recorded here; Neh 3:7's reference to 'the men of Gibeon' recalls that town's historical treaty and unique status within Israelite memory.
- 2 Samuel 21:1-2 (allusion): This passage concerns the Gibeonites and a legal/redemptive episode involving Israel; it connects to Neh 3:7 by highlighting the ongoing distinct identity and historical rôle of the Gibeonites within Israel's history.
- Ezra 4:10 (verbal): Uses the phrase 'from beyond the river' (or similar 'over/beyond the river') to denote location; parallels Neh 3:7's geographic wording 'beyond the river' (עבר הנהר) indicating regional orientation or jurisdiction.
Alternative generated candidates
- Beside them repaired Melatiah the Gibeonite and Jadon the Meronothite; the men of Gibeon and of Mizpah repaired as far as the seat of the governor opposite the river.
- And next to them repaired Melatiah the Gibeonite and Jadon the Meronothite; men of Gibeon repaired opposite the ascent to the armory beyond the river.
Neh.3.8 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- על: PREP
- ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- החזיק: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- עזיאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חרהיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- צורפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- החזיק: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- חנניה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הרקחים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ויעזבו: VERB,qal,wayq,3,m,pl
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- החומה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הרחבה: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Nehemiah 3:1 (structural): Begins the same chapter’s catalogue of repair work (naming leaders and specific gate/section they rebuilt), showing the same organizational pattern of assigning groups/individuals to portions of the wall.
- Nehemiah 2:17 (thematic): Nehemiah’s initial charge to ‘repair the wall of Jerusalem’ provides the occasion and purpose for the detailed list of workers and repaired sections in chapter 3, including the ‘broad wall’ in v.8.
- Nehemiah 3:4 (structural): Another entry in the chapter that names a particular group/individual responsible for a specific stretch of the wall, paralleling the formulaic listing and communal participation seen in v.8.
- Nehemiah 3:31 (structural): A later item in the same catalogue describing a different worker assigned to a distinct area opposite the tombs; parallels v.8 in its localizing of responsibility and the practice of repairing discrete sections of the city wall.
Alternative generated candidates
- Next to them worked Uzziel son of Harhaiah of the goldsmiths, and beside him Hananiah son of the perfumers; and they strengthened Jerusalem unto the broad wall.
- And next to them repaired Uzziel son of Harhaiah of the goldsmiths; and next to them repaired Hananiah son of the perfumers; they kept working until they reached Jerusalem to the broad wall.
Neh.3.9 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- ידם: NOUN,m,sg,suff,3,m,pl
- החזיק: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- רפיה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חצי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פלך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 3:2 (structural): Same chapter's inventory of repairs: a named leader (the high priest) is recorded as taking responsibility for a specific section, showing the pattern of delegating wall repairs to local officials and heads.
- Nehemiah 3:8 (structural): Another neighboring entry in the repair list naming a local leader who repaired a portion of the wall—parallels the organizational pattern and localized stewardship (governors/heads) over parts of Jerusalem.
- Exodus 17:12 (verbal): Mentions Hur (who assisted Moses); Neh 3:9's phrase “son of Hur” echoes this name, suggesting either genealogical memory or reuse of a traditional personal name.
- 1 Chronicles 26:1–5 (thematic): Describes officials and gatekeepers assigned to sections of Jerusalem and duties over portions of the city, paralleling Neh 3:9’s reference to a governor/chief over the ‘half part’ of Jerusalem—both reflect divided administrative responsibility for the city.
Alternative generated candidates
- Next to them repaired Rephaiah son of Hur, ruler of the half-district of Jerusalem.
- And next to them repaired Rephaiah son of Hur, ruler of half the district of Jerusalem.
Neh.3.10 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- ידם: NOUN,m,sg,suff,3,m,pl
- החזיק: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- ידיה: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חרומף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונגד: CONJ+PREP
- ביתו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- החזיק: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- חטוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חשבניה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 3:7 (verbal): Uses the same root/idea of 'putting one's hand/shoulder to the work' (contrast: nobles would not 'hold' to the work), highlighting the recurring verbal formula about who 'held' the work.
- Nehemiah 3:11 (structural): Another verse in the same chapter that employs the common structural formula 'next to him'/'repaired' to list adjacent workers repairing a gate—part of the repetitive roster of builders.
- Nehemiah 3:12 (thematic): Names local leaders assigned to repair a particular gate/section, paralleling the theme of communal, neighborhood-based responsibility for rebuilding the walls.
- Nehemiah 4:16-18 (thematic): Describes builders who worked while keeping watch/arms at hand—connects to the broader context of wall-repair activity and the practical portrayal of workers 'holding' the work amid danger.
Alternative generated candidates
- Next to them repaired Jedaiah son of Harumaph, over against his house; and next to him repaired Hattush son of Hashabnia.
- And next to them repaired Jedaiah son of Harumaph; and opposite his house repaired Hattush son of Hashabniah.
Neh.3.11 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שנית: ADV
- החזיק: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- מלכיה: NOUN,m,pl,abs+SUFF:3,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חרם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וחשוב: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פחת: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ואת: CONJ
- מגדל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- התנורים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- Nehemiah 2:17-18 (thematic): Nehemiah's summons to rebuild the walls and the people's agreement provide the overarching context for the individual repair tasks recorded in Neh. 3, including the work of Malchijah and Hasshub at the Tower of the Ovens.
- Nehemiah 3:1 (structural): The opening verse of chapter 3 lists another specific gate and the persons who repaired it; parallels in genre and structure show the chapter's catalogue of named individuals/families assigned to particular sections (as in v.11).
- Nehemiah 3:26 (structural): This verse names the Tower of Hananel and other adjoining repairs; like the 'Tower of the Ovens' in v.11, it illustrates the pattern of identifying towers/gates as distinct repair sectors of the wall project.
- Nehemiah 7:11 (verbal): The genealogical/regimental lists in Neh. 7 (paralleling Ezra 2) include the clan-name Pahath‑Moab (Pahath‑Moaab), corresponding to the designation attached to Hasshub in Neh. 3:11 (son of Pahath‑Moab), a direct verbal link to the same family grouping.
Alternative generated candidates
- After them again repaired Malchijah son of Harim and Hashub son of Pahath-moab, and the Tower of the Ovens.
- And next to them repaired Malchiah son of Harim and Hashub, ruler of half the district of Keilah; and they repaired the Tower of the Ovens.
Neh.3.12 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- החזיק: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- שלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הלוחש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חצי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פלך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- ובנותיו: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,suff,3,m
Parallels
- Nehemiah 3:1 (structural): Both verses occur in the catalog of Jerusalem's repairs and show the methodical listing of gates/sections and the individuals or families responsible for rebuilding—a shared structural feature emphasizing communal effort.
- Nehemiah 3:16 (thematic): Here the high priest and the priests carry out a section of the wall—parallels Neh.3.12 in showing leaders and local household groups (notably religious leaders or heads of households) taking responsibility for specific parts of the restoration.
- Nehemiah 3:8 (structural): Like 3:12, this verse names specific men assigned to a particular gate/section; both illustrate the chapter's recurring pattern of identifying named individuals (and their households) who repaired particular stretches of the wall.
- Ezra 3:2–3 (thematic): Ezra recounts civic and religious leaders (Jeshua, Zerubbabel and others) organizing the restoration of worship and the house of God—paralleling Neh.3.12 thematically in leadership-directed communal restoration of Jerusalem after exile.
Alternative generated candidates
- Beside them repaired Shallum son of Halohesh, ruler of the half-district of Jerusalem; he and his daughters performed the work.
- And next to them repaired Shallum son of Halohesh, ruler of half the district of Jerusalem—he and his daughters repaired.
Neh.3.13 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- את: PRT,acc
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הגיא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- החזיק: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- חנון: ADJ,m,sg
- וישבי: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- זנוח: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- המה: PRON,3,m,pl
- בנוהו: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ויעמידו: VERB,hiphil,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- דלתתיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- מנעליו: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ובריחיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ואלף: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בחומה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השפות: NOUN,f,pl,def
Parallels
- Nehemiah 3:3 (verbal): Uses the same repair formula—setting doors, bolts, and bars for a gate (Sheep Gate), paralleling the technical language and action in 3:13.
- Nehemiah 3:6 (verbal): Another nearby gate-repair verse that repeats the formula of installing doors, bolts, and bars and repairing a stretch of wall, showing the standardized description of work in ch. 3.
- Psalm 147:13 (thematic): Speaks of God strengthening the bars of the gates of Zion—thematically related to securing and reinforcing city gates as acts of protection and restoration.
- Ezekiel 48:30-35 (structural): Gives detailed description and measurements of a city's gates and their names in a visionary (restoration) context; structural parallel to Nehemiah’s measured repairs and attention to gates in rebuilding Jerusalem.
Alternative generated candidates
- The Valley Gate was repaired by Hanun and the inhabitants of Zanoah; they built it and set up its doors, its locks, and its bolts; and they built a thousand cubits of the wall to the Dung Gate.
- The Valley Gate repaired Hanun; the inhabitants of Zanoah lived in their villages and repaired it, and set up its doors, its locks, and its bolts; and they built a thousand cubits of the wall to the Refuse Gate.
Neh.3.14 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- האשפות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- החזיק: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- מלכיה: NOUN,m,pl,abs+SUFF:3,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רכב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פלך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הכרם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- יבננו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ויעמיד: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg
- דלתתיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs,poss3,m,sg
- מנעליו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss3,m,sg
- ובריחיו: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss3,m,sg
Parallels
- Nehemiah 3:13 (verbal): Almost identical wording and action — the neighbouring worker 'restored it and set up its doors, its bolts, and its bars.' Same repair formula in the chapter.
- Nehemiah 3:6 (verbal): Describes repair of the Old Gate with the same technical language — 'set up its doors, its bolts, and its bars,' repeating the standard repair formula.
- Nehemiah 3:3 (verbal): Eliashib and his fellow priests repair a gate and 'hang/set up its doors,' a close verbal parallel in the chapter's gate-repair descriptions.
- 1 Chronicles 26:15-19 (structural): Administrative/structural parallel: lists gatekeepers' duties and the provision of doors, bolts, and bars for Jerusalem's gates, reflecting the practical concerns behind Nehemiah's repairs.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Malchijah son of Rekab, ruler of the district of Beth-haccerem, repaired the Refuse Gate; he built it and set up its doors, its locks, and its bolts.
- And the Refuse Gate repaired Malchiah son of Rechab, ruler of the district of Beth-haccherem; he built it and set up its doors, its locks, and its bolts.
Neh.3.15 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- העין: NOUN,f,sg,def
- החזיק: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- שלון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כל: DET
- חזה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פלך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המצפה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- יבננו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ויטללנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ויעמיד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- דלתתיו: NOUN,f,pl,poss
- מנעליו: NOUN,m,pl,poss
- ובריחיו: NOUN,m,pl,poss
- ואת: CONJ
- חומת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- ברכת: NOUN,f,sg,const
- השלח: NOUN,prop,m,sg,def
- לגן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- המעלות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- היורדות: ADJ,f,pl,def
- מעיר: PREP
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 3:1 (structural): Another opening verse in the same chapter that, like 3:15, records a named leader (the priest Eliashib) responsible for rebuilding a specific gate — showing the chapter’s pattern of local officials and groups repairing gates and walls.
- 1 Chronicles 26:1-19 (structural): Lists the divisions and duties of gatekeepers and officials who oversaw the city’s gates and treasuries — parallels the role of Shallum (a district ruler) holding and repairing the Fountain Gate in Neh.3:15.
- Nehemiah 12:27-43 (thematic): Describes the dedication procession and the role of gatekeepers and priests around the restored walls and gates — thematically linked to the rebuilding work and the restored access points described in Neh.3:15.
- Psalm 122:6-9 (thematic): A prayer for peace and prosperity 'within your walls' and for the well-being of those who love Jerusalem — echoes the concern for the city’s gates, walls, and inhabitants that motivates the repairs in Neh.3:15.
Alternative generated candidates
- The Fountain Gate was repaired by Shallun son of Col-hozeh, ruler of the district of Mizpah; he built it, covered it, and set up its doors, its locks, and its bolts; and he built the wall to the Pool of Siloam, to the King's Garden, and to the steps that go down from the City of David.
- And the Fountain Gate repaired Shallun son of Col-hozeh, ruler of the district of Mizpah; he built it, trimmed it, and set up its doors, its locks, and its bolts—also the wall of the Pool of Shelah to the King's Garden and to the steps that go down from the City of David.
Neh.3.16 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אחריו: PREP,3,m,sg
- החזיק: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- נחמיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עזבוק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חצי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פלך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- צור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- נגד: PREP
- קברי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg
- דויד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- הברכה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- העשויה: ADJ,ptc,pass,f,sg,def
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הגברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- Nehemiah 3:15 (verbal): Uses the same administrative formula (“ruler of half the district”) and describes the neighboring repair assignments (Dung Gate), showing the repeated designation of officials responsible for sections of the wall.
- Nehemiah 3:18 (verbal): Again names a leader as “ruler of a half district” (Rephaiah son of Hur) who supervised repairs, paralleling Neh.3:16’s occupational title and partitioning of responsibility.
- Nehemiah 3:22 (verbal): Lists Malchijah as “ruler of a half district” charged with repairing the Fish Gate—another instance of the same phrase and organizational pattern found in 3:16.
- 1 Chronicles 9:17-27 (thematic): Lists gatekeepers and officials assigned to gates and precincts in Jerusalem; thematically parallels Nehemiah’s catalogue of leaders entrusted with specific gate/section duties and the city’s administrative division.
Alternative generated candidates
- After him Nehemiah son of Azbuk, ruler of the half-district of Beth-zur, repaired up to the tombs of David and to the reservoir that was made, and to the house of the men.
- After him repaired Nehemiah son of Azbuk, ruler of half the district of Beth-zur, opposite the tombs of David and to the Pool that was made, and to the house of the mighty.
Neh.3.17 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אחריו: PREP,3,m,sg
- החזיקו: VERB,hifil,perf,3,m,pl
- הלוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- רחום: ADJ,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- על: PREP
- ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- החזיק: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- חשביה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חצי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פלך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קעילה: NOUN,prop,f,sg
- לפלכו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cons+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Nehemiah 3:8 (verbal): Another entry in the same chapter that names local leaders/heads who repaired a section of the wall adjacent to their houses—same wording pattern of appointed individuals and their responsibility for a specific stretch.
- Nehemiah 3:15 (structural): Shares the chapter's recurring structural formula (naming a person or group, giving an office or origin, and stating they repaired opposite their house), illustrating the communal, house-by-house organization of the rebuilding work.
- Nehemiah 12:44 (thematic): Describes the priests and Levites taking part in the dedication and organization of post‑exilic worship and city life—parallels the role of Levites in Neh 3:17 as active agents in the community's restoration.
- 1 Chronicles 9:22-27 (thematic): Lists Levites, gatekeepers and officials with assigned duties in Jerusalem; parallels Neh 3:17 in showing Levites given specific, organized responsibilities for the life and upkeep of the restored city.
Alternative generated candidates
- After him the Levites, Rehum son of Bani, repaired; and beside him repaired Hashabiah, ruler of the half-district of Keilah for his district.
- After him the Levites—Rehum son of Bani—repaired; and next to him repaired Hashabiah, ruler of half the district of Keilah, according to his district.
Neh.3.18 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אחריו: PREP,3,m,sg
- החזיקו: VERB,hifil,perf,3,m,pl
- אחיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,suff,3,m,pl
- בוי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,prop
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חנדד: NOUN,m,sg,abs,prop
- שר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חצי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פלך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קעילה: NOUN,prop,f,sg
Parallels
- Nehemiah 3:17 (structural): Immediate context in the same chapter—continues the catalogue of those who 'held' and repaired sections of the wall, showing the repetitious listing formula and organization of labor.
- Nehemiah 3:19 (structural): Follows verse 18 in the same repair-list and continues the pattern of identifying persons (including priestly leaders) responsible for adjacent sections, highlighting the communal and ordered nature of the rebuilding.
- Joshua 15:44 (verbal): Lists Keilah among the towns of the lowland of Judah—verbal/geographical link to the Keilah (קעילה) named in Neh 3:18.
- 1 Samuel 23:1–5 (thematic): Narrates David's interaction with the town of Keilah (its threat and deliverance), providing earlier narrative context for the significance of Keilah as a Judean settlement mentioned in Nehemiah's repair-list.
Alternative generated candidates
- After him their brethren Binnui son of Henadad, ruler of the half-district of Keilah, repaired.
- After them repaired their companions, Bavai son of Henadad, ruler of half the district of Keilah.
Neh.3.19 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ויחזק: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- עזר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישוע: NOUN,m,sg,abs,prop
- שר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המצפה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שנית: ADV
- מנגד: ADV
- עלת: VERB,qal,perf,3,_,pl
- הנשק: NOUN,m,sg,def
- המקצע: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Nehemiah 3:20 (structural): Immediate parallel in the same chapter listing the next worker and section of wall repaired—continues the catalogue of builders and their assigned gates/segments.
- Nehemiah 2:17-18 (thematic): Nehemiah's initial call to rebuild Jerusalem's walls and the people's affirmative response provides the motivating context for the specific repair-work and leaders named in 3:19.
- Nehemiah 6:15-16 (thematic): Records the completion of the wall and the reaction of Jerusalem's enemies—this shows the outcome and significance of the individual repair efforts catalogued in chapter 3.
- 1 Chronicles 26:1-2 (thematic): Lists officials and gate-keepers of Jerusalem and their duties; parallels the assignment of named leaders to specific gates or stretches of the wall in Neh 3:19.
- Ezra 4:1-5 (allusion): Describes opposition to the rebuilding project and efforts to frustrate it—provides contrast to the faithful, organized repair work and named leaders recorded in Neh 3.
Alternative generated candidates
- Next to them repaired Azariah son of Jeshua, the ruler of the watch; he again repaired opposite the armory at the corner.
- And next to him strengthened Azariah son of Jeshua, the officer of the watch; another section faced the ascent to the armory.
Neh.3.20 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אחריו: PREP,3,m,sg
- החרה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- החזיק: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- ברוך: ADJ,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זכי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שנית: ADV
- מן: PREP
- המקצוע: NOUN,m,sg,def
- עד: PREP
- פתח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלישיב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הגדול: ADJ,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Nehemiah 3:1 (verbal): Also names Eliashib the high priest in connection with rebuilding near temple gates; parallels the mention of the high priest’s house as a fixed point in the repair list.
- Nehemiah 3:21 (structural): Same repair-list formula (“after him”/adjacent repairs) and another priestly family (Zadok son of Immer) working on the wall near the temple — similar wording and sequence.
- Nehemiah 13:4–7 (allusion): Later narrative about Eliashib the high priest and his house (which he gave to Tobiah) connects back to the house of Eliashib mentioned here, showing the same location’s later significance and controversy.
- Ezra 4:12–16 (thematic): Documents opposition to rebuilding Jerusalem’s walls in the Persian period; provides broader context for the wall-repair activity described in Nehemiah 3, including the political challenges surrounding such work.
Alternative generated candidates
- After him repaired Berekiah son of Zakkai, ruler of a half-district, from the shaft to the entrance of the house of Eliashib the high priest.
- After him repaired Baruch son of Zabbai; he repaired another section from the place of the work to the opening of the house of Eliashib the high priest.
Neh.3.21 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אחריו: PREP,3,m,sg
- החזיק: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- מרמות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אוריה: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הקוץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שנית: ADV
- מפתח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלישיב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- תכלית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלישיב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 3:1 (structural): Same chapter’s opening repair units mention Eliashib the high priest and repairs 'to the house of Eliashib'—parallel phrasing and focus on priestly property/gate areas in the wall-repair list.
- Ezra 3:2–3 (thematic): Describes priests and Levites taking the lead in reestablishing cultic/communal structures after the return—parallels the involvement of priestly figures (Eliashib, Meremoth) in the physical restoration of Jerusalem.
- 1 Chronicles 9:12 (verbal): Lists Meremoth son of Urijah (son of Hakkok/Hakkôz) among priestly families—identifies the same priestly lineage named in Neh 3:21 and ties the builder to the known priestly genealogy.
- Nehemiah 3:20 (structural): Neighboring verse in the chapter describing successive repairs by named individuals—demonstrates the repetitive 'after him' / 'another section' pattern and the collaborative, ordered rebuilding of wall sections surrounding gates.
Alternative generated candidates
- After him repaired Meremoth son of Uriah son of Hakkoz, ruler of a half-district, from the house of Eliashib to the end of his house.
- After him repaired Meremoth son of Urijah son of Koz; he repaired another section from the opening of the house of Eliashib unto the end of Eliashib's house.
Neh.3.22 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ואחריו: CONJ+PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- החזיקו: VERB,hifil,perf,3,m,pl
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- הככר: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Nehemiah 3:1 (verbal): Parallel in the same chapter where priests (beginning with Eliashib the high priest) are named as repairing gates/walls—similar language of priests undertaking building work.
- Nehemiah 3:28 (verbal): Another verse in the chapter that explicitly records the priests holding/repairing a section of the wall, repeating the motif and phrasing of priestly participation in the repairs.
- Nehemiah 4:6 (thematic): Describes the communal determination to build the wall ('the people had a mind to work'), echoing the same theme of organized groups (including priests) participating in the reconstruction.
- Nehemiah 12:31-37 (thematic): Accounts of priests and Levites marching and ministering on/around the newly restored walls—connects the cultic role of priests with the city’s walls and their ceremonial/public presence on the ramparts.
- Ezra 3:10-11 (thematic): When the temple foundation is laid the priests and Levites lead praise and worship—a related motif of priestly leadership in communal building and restoration projects.
Alternative generated candidates
- After them the priests repaired the section belonging to the courts.
- And after them the priests—the men of the square—repaired.
Neh.3.23 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אחריו: PREP,3,m,sg
- החזיק: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- בנימן: NOUN,m,sg,proper
- וחשוב: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נגד: PREP
- ביתם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,pl
- אחריו: PREP,3,m,sg
- החזיק: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- עזריה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מעשיה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ענניה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אצל: PREP
- ביתו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 3:20 (structural): Immediate neighboring verse in the chapter that uses the same formulaic listing of individuals and families who 'held' or repaired sections of the wall—shows the chapter’s repetitive, roll-call structure.
- Nehemiah 3:24 (structural): Another adjacent entry in the same repair-list, continuing the pattern of naming house-by-house repairs and nearby workers—demonstrates the coordinated, local character of the rebuilding effort.
- Nehemiah 2:17 (thematic): Nehemiah’s initial call to rebuild the wall provides the motivating context for the household-by-household repairs recorded in 3:23—the communal response to that summons.
- Nehemiah 4:6 (thematic): Summarizes the cooperative outcome of the many individual repair efforts enumerated in chapter 3 (‘the people had a mind to work’), linking the named repairs (like 3:23) to the overall progress and unity of the project.
- Ezra 3:2–3 (thematic): Describes an earlier phase of post‑exilic restoration in which community leaders and families stood together to rebuild sacred structures; thematically parallels Neh.3.23’s portrayal of communal, locally organized reconstruction after the exile.
Alternative generated candidates
- After them repaired Benjamin and Hashub opposite their house; after them repaired Azariah son of Maaseiah son of Ananiah beside his house.
- After them repaired Benjamin and Hashub opposite their house; after them repaired Azariah son of Maaseiah son of Ananiah by his house.
Neh.3.24 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אחריו: PREP,3,m,sg
- החזיק: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- בנוי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חנדד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שנית: ADV
- מבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עזריה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- המקצוע: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- הפנה: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Nehemiah 3:3 (structural): Uses the same building-list formula: a named individual is credited with holding/repairing a specific stretch of the wall between two local landmarks.
- Nehemiah 3:23 (verbal): Neighboring verse in the same chapter that likewise records an individual who 'held' or repaired a defined section of the wall; parallels the wording and function within the restoration account.
- Nehemiah 3:25 (structural): Continues the catalog of repairers and describes another person's work on a section bounded by identifiable landmarks, mirroring the boundary‑to‑boundary phrasing of v.24.
- Nehemiah 3:31 (thematic): Later listing in the same chapter that likewise assigns responsibility for a specific gate or wall section to an individual or group, reflecting the chapter's overall theme of organized communal rebuilding.
Alternative generated candidates
- After them repaired Binnui son of Henadad, ruler of the half-district, from the house of Azariah to the place of the shops and to the corner.
- After them repaired Bani son of Henadad—another measure—from the house of Azariah to the place of the provision and to the corner.
Neh.3.25 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- פלל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אוזי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מנגד: ADV
- המקצוע: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והמגדל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- היוצא: VERB,qal,ptc,ms,sg,def
- מבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- העליון: ADJ,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לחצר: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- המטרה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אחריו: PREP,3,m,sg
- פדיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פרעש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 3:24 (verbal): Immediate context in the same chapter — neighboring verse describing repairs of adjacent towers/walls and the same sequence of workers, showing a verbal/structural continuation of the building list.
- Nehemiah 3:26 (verbal): Direct continuation of the roster — names and the sequence of who repaired ‘behind him’ (Pedaiah son of Parosh), making this a closely related verbal parallel in the same passage.
- Nehemiah 3:1 (thematic): Chapter-opening example of groups assigned to repair specific gates/sections (the Sheep Gate) — parallels the overall theme of organized, localized communal work on Jerusalem’s walls and towers.
- Ezra 3:10-11 (thematic): Account of the community rebuilding the temple foundation with priests, Levites and people praising God — parallels the communal restoration motif and organized religious/social cooperation found in Nehemiah’s repair lists.
- 1 Chronicles 26:1-12 (structural): Description of gatekeepers’ duties and the organization of watchmen for the gates — a structural parallel showing institutional responsibility for gates/towers comparable to families and groups assigned to wall sections in Nehemiah.
Alternative generated candidates
- Pallathiel son of Uzzi repaired opposite the place of the storehouses and the tower that projects from the king's house, which is by the court of the guard; after him Pedaiah son of Parosh repaired.
- Palal son of Uzzi repaired opposite the place of the work and the tower projecting from the king's house which is by the court of the guard; after him repaired Pedaiah son of Parosh.
Neh.3.26 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- והנתינים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,def
- היו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ישבים: VERB,qal,part,3,m,pl
- בעפל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- נגד: PREP
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- למזרח: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והמגדל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- היוצא: VERB,qal,ptc,ms,sg,def
Parallels
- Ezra 2:43 (verbal): Lists the Nethinim among those who returned from exile—directly parallels the mention of the Nethinim (הנתינים) dwelling in Jerusalem.
- 1 Chronicles 9:2 (verbal): Records the presence of priests, Levites and the Nethinim living among the returned community in Jerusalem—similar identification of this group and their residential role.
- Nehemiah 11:21 (thematic): Describes the population and placement of various temple-related groups in Jerusalem (including the Nethinim/servants) and their dwelling in Ophel—parallels the situational detail of Neh 3:26.
- Nehemiah 12:37 (structural): In the dedication procession the Water Gate is named among the city gates—connects with Neh 3:26’s mention of the Water Gate as a specific landmark near Ophel.
Alternative generated candidates
- The Nethinim dwelt at Ophel; unto the place over against the Water Gate toward the east, and to the projecting tower.
- And the Nethinim dwelt in Ophel unto the place opposite the Water Gate eastward and to the projecting tower.
Neh.3.27 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אחריו: PREP,3,m,sg
- החזיקו: VERB,hifil,perf,3,m,pl
- התקעים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- מדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שנית: ADV
- מנגד: ADV
- המגדל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הגדול: ADJ,m,sg,def
- היוצא: VERB,qal,ptc,ms,sg,def
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- חומת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- העפל: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Nehemiah 2:17 (thematic): Nehemiah's call to 'rebuild the wall of Jerusalem' establishes the purpose behind the detailed list of repairs in chapter 3, including the work of the Tekoites.
- Nehemiah 3:1 (structural): The opening verse of the chapter begins the same catalogue form—naming groups and the specific stretches they repaired—matching the formulaic 'from X to Y' found in 3:27.
- Nehemiah 4:6 (thematic): Summarizes the cooperative rebuilding effort—'so built we the wall'—echoing the communal repair work described in 3:27 and surrounding verses.
- Nehemiah 6:15 (structural): Records the finished wall ('the wall was finished... in fifty-two days'), the outcome of the cumulative repair efforts listed in chapter 3, including sections like that repaired by the Tekoites.
Alternative generated candidates
- After them the Tekoites repaired from opposite the great projecting tower unto the wall of Ophel.
- After them repaired the Tekoites another measure from opposite the great projecting tower unto the wall of Ophel.
Neh.3.28 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- מעל: PREP
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הסוסים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- החזיקו: VERB,hifil,perf,3,m,pl
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לנגד: PREP
- ביתו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 3:1 (verbal): Also describes priests involved at a gate (Eliashib the high priest and his fellow priests repairing/working at a gate), paralleling the priestly presence and activity at the Horse Gate.
- 1 Chronicles 9:17-27 (thematic): Lists gatekeepers and Levites living and serving at the gates of Jerusalem—parallel in theme of priests/Levites assigned to gates and dwelling by their chambers to keep watch.
- 1 Chronicles 26:15-19 (structural): Details the organization and duties of gatekeepers (keepers of the thresholds) and their stations at the gates—parallels the notion of priestly watch and designated positions at city/temple gates.
- 1 Chronicles 15:22 (thematic): Records appointment of doorkeepers (Berechiah and Elkanah) among the Levites for service at the temple gates, paralleling the assignment of priests to guard/watch at a specific gate.
Alternative generated candidates
- Above the Horse Gate the priests repaired, every one opposite his own house.
- Above the Horse Gate the priests repaired, every one opposite his own house.
Neh.3.29 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אחריו: PREP,3,m,sg
- החזיק: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- צדוק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- נגד: PREP
- ביתו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואחריו: CONJ+PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- החזיק: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- שמעיה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שכניה: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:3,f
- שמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המזרח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Nehemiah 3:28 (structural): Immediate neighboring verse in the chapter listing the next workers and gates — continues the roll-call of those holding and repairing specific portions of the wall and gates.
- Nehemiah 3:31 (structural): Direct continuation of the same chapter’s catalog of repairers — shows the sequence of persons and groups responsible for adjacent sections and gates.
- 1 Chronicles 26:1-19 (thematic): Gives a systematic list of gatekeepers appointed by David and their responsibilities — parallels Nehemiah’s concern with assigning persons to guard and manage gates.
- 1 Chronicles 9:17-27 (thematic): Lists Levites and gatekeepers who served at Jerusalem’s gates — another post-exilic/traditional register of those charged with gate duties, comparable to Nehemiah’s occupational roster.
- Psalm 24:7-10 (thematic): Poetic address to the gates and their keepers (’lift up your heads, O gates’) — thematically related to the role of gates and those who guard or open them in Jerusalem’s cultic and civic life.
Alternative generated candidates
- After them repaired Zadok son of Immer opposite his house; and after him repaired Shemaiah son of Shecaniah, keeper of the East Gate.
- After them repaired Zadok son of Immer opposite his house; after him repaired Shemaiah son of Shecaniah, keeper of the East Gate.
Neh.3.30 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אחריו: PREP,3,m,sg
- החזיק: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- חנניה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלמיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וחנון: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- צלף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הששי: NUM,ord,m,sg,def
- מדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שני: NUM,m,pl,construct
- אחריו: PREP,3,m,sg
- החזיק: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- משלם: VERB,piel,part,3,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ברכיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נגד: PREP
- נשכתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Nehemiah 3:29 (verbal): Immediate neighboring verse using the same construction (“After him held...”), listing adjacent workers and continuing the sequence of repairs.
- Nehemiah 3:31 (structural): The concluding verse of the same chapter that continues the catalogue of who repaired which sections—part of the same organizational build-up.
- Nehemiah 2:17-18 (thematic): Nehemiah’s call to ‘rise up and build’ and the people’s response provides the motivating context for the roster of workers in chapter 3.
- Nehemiah 6:15 (thematic): Reports the completion of the wall in 52 days, the outcome of the coordinated efforts described by the lists of laborers in chapter 3.
- Ezra 4:6-23 (thematic): Records opposition and a royal injunction that halted building work in an earlier phase—contrasts the uninterrupted, organized repairs enumerated in Nehemiah 3.
Alternative generated candidates
- After him repaired Hananiah son of Shelemiah, and Hanun son of Zalaph the sixth; after them repaired Meshullam son of Berechiah opposite his chamber.
- After him repaired Hananiah son of Shelemiah and Hanun son of Zalaph the sixth; after them repaired Meshullam son of Berechiah opposite his chamber.
Neh.3.31 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- אחריו: PREP,3,m,sg
- החזיק: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- מלכיה: NOUN,m,pl,abs+SUFF:3,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הצרפי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- עד: PREP
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הנתינים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- והרכלים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,def
- נגד: PREP
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המפקד: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- עלית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- הפנה: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Nehemiah 3:30 (structural): Immediate neighboring verse in the same chapter listing the next persons/sections who repaired the wall—continues the sequence of adjoining repairs.
- Nehemiah 3:1 (thematic): Opening verse of the chapter that sets the pattern: assignment of specific gates/wall-sections to named individuals or groups for rebuilding (same genre and purpose).
- Ezra 2:43 (allusion): Lists the Nethinim among the returnees; connects with Neh.3:31’s mention of the 'house of the Nethinim' (בית הנתינים), the temple servants referenced here.
- 1 Chronicles 9:21-22 (allusion): Describes gatekeepers and the Nethinim living in Jerusalem after the exile—parallels the social/functional group (Nethinim and gate duties) referenced in Neh.3:31.
Alternative generated candidates
- After him repaired Malchijah son of the goldsmiths as far as the house of the Nethinim and of the merchants, opposite the Gate of the Guard, and unto the ascent of the corner.
- After him repaired Malchiah son of the goldsmith up to the house of the Nethinim and of the merchants, opposite the Gate of the Guard and to the ascent of the corner.
Neh.3.32 - Details
Original Text
Morphology
- ובין: CONJ+PREP
- עלית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- הפנה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- לשער: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הצאן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- החזיקו: VERB,hifil,perf,3,m,pl
- הצרפים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- והרכלים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- Neh.3.1 (verbal): Also mentions the Sheep Gate and those who built/occupied it (the priests), directly parallel in wording and focus on that specific gate and its builders.
- Neh.2.17 (thematic): Nehemiah's summons to 'rise up and build' the wall establishes the overall theme of communal rebuilding and restoration that frames the specific gate repairs listed in chapter 3.
- Neh.12.39 (structural): The dedication scene lists the Sheep Gate among the restored gates; parallels show the Sheep Gate's role in the completed restoration begun in Neh.3.
- Neh.3.29 (structural): Nearby verse in the same chapter listing other individuals/groups and adjacent sections of the wall; parallels in form and communal assignment of repair work.
Alternative generated candidates
- Between the ascent of the corner and the Sheep Gate the goldsmiths and the merchants repaired.
- And between the ascent of the corner and the Sheep Gate repaired the goldsmiths and the merchants.
Eliashib the high priest and his fellow priests rose up and rebuilt the Sheep Gate; they consecrated it and set up its doors, its bolts, and its bars, and consecrated the Tower of the Hundred and the Tower of Hananel.
Next to them the men of Jericho rebuilt, and next to them Zaccur son of Imri built. And the Fish Gate was rebuilt by the sons of Hassenaah; they laid its beams and set up its doors, its bolts, and its bars.
Next to them worked Meremoth son of Uriah son of Koz; next to him Meshullam son of Berechiah son of Meshezabel; and next to him Zadok son of Baana.
Beside them the Tekoites repaired, but their nobles would not put their necks to the service of their lord.
The Old Gate was repaired by Joiada son of Paseah and Meshullam son of Besodeiah; they laid its beams and set up its doors, its bolts, and its bars.
Next to them held Melatiah the Gibeonite and Jadon the Meronothite; the men of Gibeon repaired down to the seat of the governor on the other side of the river.
Next to them worked Azaziah (Aziel) son of Harhaiah of the goldsmiths, and next to him Hananiah son of the perfumers; they strengthened Jerusalem as far as the broad wall.
Next to them held Rephaiah son of Hur, ruler of the half-district of Jerusalem.
Next to them worked Jedaiah son of Harumaph—opposite his house—and next to him Hattush son of Hashabniah.
Also repaired Malchijah son of Harim and Hashub son of Pahath-Moab, and the Tower of the Ovens.
Next to them held Shallum son of Halohesh, ruler of half the district of Jerusalem; he and his daughters repaired.
Hanun held the Valley Gate, and the inhabitants of Zanoah repaired it. They laid its beams and set up its doors, its bolts, and its bars, and repaired a thousand cubits of the wall to the Dung Gate.
Malchiah son of Rechab, ruler of the district of Beth-haccerem, repaired the Refuse Gate; he built it and set up its doors, its bolts, and its bars.
Shallum son of Kol‑hozeh, ruler of the district of Mizpah, repaired the Fountain Gate; he built it, fortified it, and set up its doors, its bolts, and its bars, and the wall of the Pool to the King's Garden and to the steps that go down from the City of David.
After him held Nehemiah son of Azbuk, ruler of half the district of Beth‑zur, as far as opposite the tombs of David, and to the well‑built pool and to the house of the mighty.
After him the Levites—Rehum son of Bani—held; beside him held Hashabiah, ruler of half the district of Keilah, toward his district.
After them their brothers—Bavai son of Henadad—ruler of half the district of Keilah—stood.
Next to him held Azariah son of Jeshua, ruler of the watch; opposite him was the ascent to the armory.
After him repaired Baruch son of Zakkai, from the corner to the entrance of the house of Eliashib the high priest.
Next to him Meremoth son of Uriah son of Hakkoz repaired, from the corner of the door of Eliashib's house to the end of his house.
After them held the priests—the men of the precinct—who were assigned to the courts.
After them Benjamin and Hashub repaired opposite their house; after them Azariah son of Maaseiah son of Anania repaired by his house.
After them Binnui son of Henadad repaired, from the house of Azariah to the corner and to the turning.
Palal son of Uzai repaired opposite the corner and the projecting tower from the upper house of the king, which is by the court of the guard; after him Pedaiah son of Parosh.
The temple servants lived at Ophel, as far as the Water Gate on the east and the projecting tower.
After them the Tekoites repaired again, from opposite the great projecting tower to the wall of Ophel.
Above the Horse Gate the priests each repaired beside his own house.
Next to them Zadok son of Immer repaired opposite his house; after him Shemaiah son of Shecaniah guarded the East Gate.
Next to them Hananiah son of Shelemiah and Hanun son of Zalaph—the sixth district—repaired the second measured section; after them Meshullam son of Berechiah repaired opposite his house.
Next to them Malchiah the goldsmith repaired up to the house of the temple servants and the merchants, opposite the Gate of the Guard, as far as the ascent of the corner. And between the ascent of the corner and the Sheep Gate the goldsmiths and merchants repaired.