to set: make
sum denotes placing something or someone, including installing people in assigned positions or directing attention toward an object.
The supplied verses most often show concrete placement of objects or persons in a specified location; they also show the installation of people into offices or positions, the establishment of a place or arrangement, and several figurative expressions involving the face, heart, eye, or name.
Senses in use
-
Place an object or person in a location · dominant
In 1 Kings 18:23, jussive and first-person forms occur as the bulls are prepared and put upon the wood; the APB renders the actions as setting them "upon the wood." Sequential imperfect forms similarly accompany placing garrisons in territories in 1 Chronicles 18:6 and 1 Chronicles 18:13, while 1 Samuel 6:11 describes setting the ark upon the cart.
-
Install or appoint someone to a role · common
The verb marks assigning people to recognized positions: David sets a man over his guard in 1 Chronicles 11:25, a father appoints Shimri head in 1 Chronicles 26:10, and the requested king is to be set over the people in 1 Samuel 8:5. In 1 Kings 10:9, the APB presents placement on Israel's throne alongside appointment as king.
-
Establish a place or arrangement · occasional
In 1 Chronicles 17:9, the first-person form concerns appointing a place for Israel where they may dwell; the APB renders the clause "I will appoint a place." Infinitive forms in 1 Kings 11:36 and 1 Kings 14:21 occur in clauses about the city chosen for putting the name there, and 1 Kings 8:21 concerns providing a place for the ark.
-
Direct face, heart, or eye toward something · occasional
In 1 Kings 18:42, the sequential imperfect occurs when Elijah sets his face between his knees. In 1 Samuel 9:20, a jussive addresses setting the heart on the lost donkeys, while Amos 9:4 uses a first-person perfect in the clause rendered "I will set my eye upon them for harm."
-
Apply or put something upon a person · occasional
In 2 Kings 19:28, the first-person sequential perfect occurs with a hook in the nose and a bridle in the lips; the APB renders "I will put my hook in your nose." In 1 Kings 22:27, the imperative commands that a man be put in the prison house, and 1 Kings 20:31 describes putting sackcloth around waists and cords on heads.
-
Bring about or impose an outcome · rare
A smaller group uses the verb where the result is not a physical object being located: in 1 Samuel 11:2, Nahash says he will make the act a reproach upon Israel, and in 1 Kings 19:2 Jezebel declares that she will make Elijah's life like that of the slain prophets. The exact English contribution remains less isolable because the APB is a whole-verse translation.
In the Anselm Project Bible: Across these verses, the APB variously uses "placed," "set," "put," "appoint," and "make." This variation confirms the differing clause contexts but does not by itself establish separate meanings.