sha.lom names well-being expressed in greetings and inquiries, safe outcomes, settled conditions, and non-hostile relations.

The attested noun most often marks well-being exchanged in greetings, inquiries, and wishes for people and households. It also describes a safe or undisturbed departure, return, or death; a settled condition contrasted with turmoil or battle; and an approach or relationship not characterized by hostilities.

1. Well-being in greetings, inquiries, and wishes · dominant

   The absolute noun is repeatedly used in direct exchanges concerning a person's or household's condition. In 1 Samuel 25:6 the APB renders a threefold wish for the man, his household, and all he has; in 2 Kings 4:26 it renders successive questions concerning the woman, her husband, and the youth, followed by her reply.

   1 Samuel 25:62 Kings 4:261 Kings 2:132 Kings 5:211 Samuel 30:211 Samuel 17:18
2. An undisturbed or safe outcome · common

   In departure, return, and burial clauses, the absolute noun marks an outcome without the threatened harm or distress in view. In 1 Samuel 20:42 the APB renders Jonathan's farewell, "Go in peace," while 2 Chronicles 34:28 renders the king's gathering to his grave before the coming distress.

   1 Samuel 1:171 Samuel 20:421 Samuel 25:352 Chronicles 19:12 Chronicles 34:282 Kings 22:20
3. Settled conditions free from turmoil or conflict · occasional

   The noun can describe the condition of a people or land in contrast to disruption. In 1 Samuel 7:14 the APB states that "Peace existed between Israel and the Amorite," whereas 2 Chronicles 15:5 describes a time when there was no such condition for those going out or coming in amid tumults.

   1 Samuel 7:142 Chronicles 15:51 Chronicles 22:92 Kings 20:191 Kings 2:33
4. Non-hostile approach or relations · occasional

   The noun distinguishes an approach associated with peace from one associated with battle. In 1 Kings 20:18 the APB contrasts those who "have come out for peace" with those who have come out for battle; in 1 Chronicles 18:10 it renders an envoy's purpose as asking David about peace after a victory.

   1 Kings 20:181 Chronicles 18:101 Samuel 16:41 Samuel 16:5Ezra 9:12Deuteronomy 23:7

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB frequently presents the noun with "peace," especially in greetings, farewells, and questions, but also uses "welfare," "safe," and descriptions of rest or the absence of disturbance. These renderings indicate the clauses' presentation rather than a fixed English equivalent for every occurrence.