cha.zaq describes becoming strong, giving strength or support, reinforcing what is established, and sometimes taking firm hold.

The sampled verses most often show people, armies, or rulers becoming strong, standing firm, or prevailing; they also show active support given to persons, kingdoms, and built places. In several Hiphil forms the term occurs in clauses of taking hold, while one participial use describes a vessel’s capacity to hold its contents.

1. Become strong or prevail · dominant

   Qal and Hithpael forms commonly concern persons or groups gaining resolve, force, or advantage. In 1 Chronicles 19:13 the APB renders an imperative to face conflict as “Be strong,” while 1 Kings 16:22 describes Omri’s followers overcoming Tibni’s followers; 2 Chronicles 13:7 depicts men strengthening themselves against Rehoboam.

   1 Chronicles 19:131 Kings 16:221 Samuel 30:62 Chronicles 13:72 Chronicles 27:5Deuteronomy 11:8
2. Give support or make stronger · common

   Piel and Hiphil forms show one party supplying strength to another person or to a collective body. In 1 Samuel 23:16 Jonathan strengthens David’s hand in God; 2 Chronicles 11:17 concerns strengthening Judah’s kingdom, and Deuteronomy 1:38 directs that Joshua be strengthened for his task.

   1 Samuel 23:162 Chronicles 11:17Deuteronomy 1:381 Chronicles 29:122 Chronicles 31:42 Kings 15:19
3. Reinforce a structure or its repair · occasional

   The term can concern fortresses, cities, a house, or an attack directed against a city. In 2 Chronicles 11:11 the APB renders the clause “He strengthened the fortresses”; in 1 Chronicles 26:27 spoil is consecrated to strengthen the house of the LORD, and 2 Kings 12:6–8 concerns repair of damage to the house.

   2 Chronicles 11:112 Chronicles 11:121 Chronicles 26:272 Kings 12:62 Kings 12:72 Samuel 11:25
4. Take or maintain a firm hold · occasional

   Several Hiphil clauses place the action with physical grasping or attachment. In 1 Kings 1:50 Adonijah takes hold of the altar’s horns, and in 2 Kings 4:27 a woman takes hold of the man of God’s feet; 1 Kings 9:9 places the form in a clause where the APB says the people “clung to other gods.”

   1 Kings 1:501 Kings 2:282 Kings 4:272 Samuel 15:51 Kings 9:9
5. Hold or contain · rare

   In 2 Chronicles 4:5, a Hiphil active participle occurs in the description of the basin and its capacity. The APB renders the clause “it held three thousand baths,” indicating containment rather than personal or military strength.

   2 Chronicles 4:5

In the Anselm Project Bible: Across the sampled clauses, the APB variously uses “be strong,” “strengthened,” “prevailed,” “take hold,” “clung,” and “held.” These renderings confirm the differing clause settings rather than assigning a separate English equivalent in every instance.