qa.rov marks nearness in location, approaching time, close relationships, and accessible presence.

The adjective most often marks physical proximity, whether a place, route, land, or person is close by. It also describes events as impending, identifies persons connected by close association or kinship, and applies proximity figuratively to a word, God, or divine righteousness and salvation.

1. Physical location and distance · dominant

   The absolute adjective describes concrete spatial proximity: in 1 Kings 21:2 the APB renders Ahab's vineyard request with it being "near my house," while Genesis 19:20 presents a city close enough for flight. Deuteronomy 21:3 and Exodus 13:17 likewise place a city or a route in relation to a nearby point, and 1 Kings 8:46 contrasts a near land with a distant one.

   1 Kings 21:2Genesis 19:20Exodus 13:17Deuteronomy 21:3Deuteronomy 21:61 Kings 8:46
2. Imminent time or event · common

   With days, calamity, or judgment in view, the adjective marks what is approaching. Deuteronomy 32:35 says that the day of disaster is "near," Ezekiel 30:3 twice applies it to a day, and Joel 2:1 links the coming day of the LORD with its being near.

   Deuteronomy 32:35Ezekiel 30:3Isaiah 13:6Jeremiah 48:16Joel 1:15Joel 2:1
3. Close persons and social association · common

   The term identifies a person who stands close to another by neighborhood, family connection, court position, or belonging. In Exodus 12:4 the APB speaks of a "nearest neighbor," Leviticus 21:2 names a "nearest flesh relative," and Job 19:14 says that Job's "near ones" have ceased. Esther 1:14 uses the adjective of the princes "next to" the king.

   Exodus 12:4Leviticus 21:2Leviticus 25:25Job 19:14Esther 1:14Psalm 148:14
4. Proximity in access or presence · occasional

   The adjective also applies beyond a physical location to what is accessible or present in a relationship. In Deuteronomy 30:14 the word is placed "in your mouth and in your heart," while Deuteronomy 4:7 speaks of God being near whenever Israel calls. Isaiah 55:6 connects calling on the LORD with his being near, and Jeremiah 23:23 contrasts a God "at hand" with one far away.

   Deuteronomy 30:14Deuteronomy 4:7Isaiah 55:6Jeremiah 23:23Isaiah 50:8Isaiah 56:1

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB commonly expresses the adjective with "near" or "nearest," including nearby places, close people, and approaching days; it also uses "at hand" in Jeremiah 23:23 and "next to" in Esther 1:14. These are renderings of whole clauses in a translation.