e.ved denotes a person under another’s authority, including royal personnel, subjects, and those designated in relation to God.

The sampled verses most often use the term for people attached to a king or leader, whether attending, carrying out orders, or acting as messengers. It also marks David and Israel in relation to God, describes defeated peoples placed under David’s rule, and identifies individuals belonging to a household or ruler.

1. Royal attendants and agents · dominant

   Plural construct forms identify personnel belonging to a king or leader. In 1 Kings 1:33 the APB renders the clause as the king directing those with him to take Solomon; in 1 Chronicles 19:2 they travel as David’s representatives, and in 1 Kings 20:12 they carry out their king’s command to set against the city.

   1 Kings 1:331 Chronicles 19:21 Kings 20:121 Kings 10:81 Kings 15:181 Chronicles 20:8
2. Person designated in relation to God · common

   Singular construct forms repeatedly occur in David’s speech to God and in speech about him. In 1 Chronicles 17:25 the APB renders David as praying before God after a revelation concerning him, while 1 Chronicles 17:4 and 1 Kings 11:38 place David in divine speech about God’s instruction and promise; 1 Chronicles 16:13 extends the designation to Israel’s seed.

   1 Chronicles 17:251 Chronicles 17:181 Chronicles 17:41 Kings 11:381 Kings 11:131 Chronicles 16:13
3. People made subject to a ruler · occasional

   The term can describe peoples brought under David’s authority after defeat. In 1 Chronicles 18:2 and 1 Chronicles 18:6, the APB renders Moab and Aram as becoming servants to David and bearing tribute; 1 Chronicles 19:19 similarly renders Hadadezer’s servants as making peace with David and becoming his subjects.

   1 Chronicles 18:21 Chronicles 18:61 Chronicles 18:131 Chronicles 19:191 Kings 12:7
4. Individual attached to a household or ruler · rare

   The term identifies particular persons in a household or under a ruler’s authority. In 1 Chronicles 2:34 the APB calls Jarha an Egyptian servant, and 1 Chronicles 2:35 identifies him in relation to Sheshan; 1 Kings 11:26 describes Jeroboam in relation to Solomon.

   1 Chronicles 2:341 Chronicles 2:351 Kings 11:261 Kings 9:22

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB commonly presents the term with “servant” or “servants,” while 1 Chronicles 19:19 uses “subjects” for people who make peace with David. These English expressions show the clauses’ presentation rather than a fixed rendering in every occurrence.