fifth
cha.mi.shi marks an item, time, or allotted portion as number five in a sequence, and can denote one-fifth in a valuation.
The word most often marks a calendrical position, especially a day, month, or year; it also identifies the fifth member of a sequence or allotment and, in valuation and restitution clauses, denotes one-fifth as an added amount or assigned share.
Senses in use
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Calendrical position · dominant
The masculine or feminine singular absolute form marks a specified place in dates: in Ezekiel 1:2 the APB renders a date with a day, month, and year, while 2 Kings 25:8 and Jeremiah 52:12 locate Nebuzaradan's arrival on a day within the fifth month. In Zechariah 8:19, the APB renders a list of fasts associated with numbered months, including the fifth month.
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Fifth member in an ordered list · common
The singular absolute adjective identifies a person, allotment, or repeated action by its place in a sequence. In 1 Chronicles 24:9 the APB renders an assignment as falling to Malchijah in the fifth place; in Joshua 19:24 it renders the fifth allotted portion for Asher; and in Nehemiah 6:5 it describes Sanballat's fifth sending.
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One-fifth in restitution or valuation · occasional
Construct feminine forms occur where an amount is added to a value or repayment. In Leviticus 5:16 the APB renders the requirement to add an amount to restitution for a holy thing, and Leviticus 27:31 applies the same added amount when redeeming part of a tithe. Genesis 47:24 presents an assigned share from produce, with the remaining four parts distinguished from it.
In the Anselm Project Bible: Across the date and list clauses, the APB commonly uses “fifth” with a day, month, year, son, portion, or occurrence. In valuation clauses it uses “a fifth,” “one-fifth,” or “its fifth”; these are presentations of the surrounding clauses.