chat.tat denotes wrongdoing that people commit or must turn from, and also the offering named in rites of atonement.

The term most often identifies committed wrongdoing, including a ruler's conduct that leads others astray and wrongdoing from which a people seek forgiveness or turn away. In sacrificial instructions and temple descriptions, it also names a designated offering, associated with animals, priestly handling, blood rites, and atonement.

1. Committed wrongdoing and its consequences · dominant

   Construct forms identify conduct attributed to individuals or communities: in 1 Kings 15:30 the APB renders the clause "on account of the sins of Jeroboam that he committed and by which he caused Israel to sin," while 1 Kings 8:35 places the singular in a call to turn from it. In 1 Samuel 15:25 it is the wrongdoing Saul asks to have forgiven, and in Deuteronomy 19:15 it is an offense for which testimony is required.

   1 Kings 15:301 Kings 8:351 Samuel 15:25Deuteronomy 19:151 Kings 16:132 Chronicles 7:14
2. Offering used in atonement rites · common

   Absolute singular forms occur with sacrificial animals and ritual actions. In 2 Chronicles 29:24 the APB renders a rite in which priests slaughter the animals, apply blood to the altar, and make atonement; in Ezekiel 45:19 it describes blood taken from the offering and put on designated parts of the sanctuary. Exodus 29:14 identifies the bull whose flesh, skin, and refuse are burned outside the camp.

   2 Chronicles 29:24Ezekiel 45:19Exodus 29:14Ezekiel 43:22Ezekiel 44:29Ezekiel 46:20

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB commonly presents the non-ritual use with "sin" or "sins," especially in clauses about committing, forgiving, or turning from it. In sacrificial contexts it regularly uses "sin offering"; These renderings confirm the verse-level setting rather than establish a separate English equivalent for every token.