sha.phakh describes pouring out liquids or blood, and extending that action to wrath, inner life, and siegeworks.

The verb most often marks blood being shed, whether in violent acts, culpability, or instructions concerning blood. It also describes the pouring out of water and other material, the outpouring of wrath or inner life, and, in siege contexts, the casting up of a mound against a city.

1. Shedding blood · dominant

   In 1 Kings 2:31 the Qal perfect occurs in the clause about blood Joab shed without cause, and in Deuteronomy 21:7 the speakers deny that their hands poured out blood. The active participle in Ezekiel 18:10 identifies a violent son in the clause the APB renders "who sheds blood," while Ezekiel 22:4 connects blood poured with guilt.

   1 Kings 2:31Deuteronomy 21:7Ezekiel 18:10Ezekiel 22:4Jeremiah 22:31 Chronicles 22:8
2. Pouring out material · common

   The verb is used for water put onto dry land in Exodus 4:9 and for blood put on the ground in Deuteronomy 12:16. In 1 Kings 13:3 the Niphal perfect stands in the sign concerning ashes from the altar, and Amos 5:8 describes sea waters being poured upon the land.

   Exodus 4:9Deuteronomy 12:16Deuteronomy 12:271 Kings 13:31 Kings 13:5Amos 5:8
3. Outpouring wrath or inner life · common

   In Ezekiel 20:13 the Qal infinitive construct occurs in the declaration to pour out rage on the rebellious house, and Ezekiel 7:8 similarly joins the outpouring of rage with judgment according to their ways. The same action is applied to a person's inward life: in 1 Samuel 1:15 the APB renders the clause "I have poured out my soul," and Lamentations 2:19 commands, "pour out your heart like water before the LORD."

   Ezekiel 20:13Ezekiel 7:8Ezekiel 22:22Hosea 5:101 Samuel 1:15Lamentations 2:19
4. Casting up a siege mound · occasional

   In Jeremiah 6:6 the imperative occurs in the command the APB renders "pour up a mound against Jerusalem." Daniel 11:15 and Ezekiel 26:8 place the verb in clauses about a king's siege mound or siegeworks directed against a fortified city.

   Jeremiah 6:6Daniel 11:15Ezekiel 26:82 Samuel 20:152 Kings 19:32Isaiah 37:33

In the Anselm Project Bible: Across these verses, the APB commonly uses "poured out" or "shed," and it also uses "pour up" or "cast up" for siege mounds. Because the APB is a whole-verse translation, its varied English wording only reflects the surrounding clauses.