to shut
sa.gar denotes closing an entrance or enclosing someone or something, and can also describe handing a person or city over.
The prevailing use concerns making an entrance, gate, door, city, or enclosed space closed or inaccessible. The same verb also marks confinement within a place or for a period, and in delivery scenes it describes placing a person, group, or city into another’s hand.
Senses in use
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Closing doors, gates, and access points · dominant
Qal forms occur where an opening is made inaccessible: in Genesis 19:10 the APB renders the men bringing Lot inside and "shut the door," while in Joshua 6:1 Jericho is "shut and barred" so that no one goes out or comes in. Ezekiel 44:2 describes the east gate as remaining shut and not being opened, and Isaiah 26:20 commands the people to enter their chambers and shut their doors.
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Confining within a place or period · common
Hiphil forms can place someone or something under restraint or enclosure. In Leviticus 13:21 the APB renders the priest’s action as "shut him up for seven days" after examining the skin; in Ezekiel 3:24 the command is to "shut yourself inside your house." Job 12:14 likewise presents a man shut in so that it cannot be opened.
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Handing over into another's power · common
In scenes of pursuit, conflict, and judgment, forms of the verb concern giving someone into another party’s control. In 1 Samuel 23:12 David asks whether the masters of Keilah will deliver him and his men into Saul’s hand; in Amos 1:6 captives are carried away "in order to deliver them to Edom." Deuteronomy 32:30 similarly places the action alongside being sold and being shut up.
In the Anselm Project Bible: Across these verses the APB commonly uses "shut" for doors, gates, cities, and confinement, while delivery contexts use "deliver" or "hand me over." Those renderings confirm the clauses’ overall actions rather than assigning a fixed English equivalent to every form.