na.ga denotes direct contact, reaching an intended point, and in some clauses a forceful impact or affliction.

The dominant usage marks direct contact between people, bodies, objects, or boundaries, including prohibited and consecrating contact. Other clauses use it for reaching a person, place, time, or limit, while a smaller group depicts an impact that strikes, afflicts, or affects its object.

1. Direct contact with a person or object · dominant

   Qal forms describe physical contact: in Exodus 19:12 the APB renders the warning not to go up the mountain or make contact with its edge, while in 1 Kings 6:27 it renders the cherubim's wings meeting the walls and each other. In Daniel 10:16 and Daniel 10:18, a figure makes contact with Daniel, and in Haggai 2:12 contact through a garment fold is the subject of the priestly question.

   Exodus 19:121 Kings 6:27Daniel 10:16Daniel 10:18Haggai 2:12Deuteronomy 14:8
2. Reaching a person, place, time, or limit · common

   Hiphil forms occur where something arrives at a stated endpoint. In Esther 4:14 the APB renders Esther as having come to royalty for a particular time; in Daniel 12:12 it renders the waiting person as reaching the specified days. Isaiah 30:4 places messengers at Hanes, and 2 Chronicles 28:9 describes rage that has reached heaven.

   Esther 4:14Daniel 12:12Isaiah 30:42 Chronicles 28:9Ecclesiastes 12:1Daniel 8:7
3. Forceful impact or affliction · occasional

   Some clauses present the action as an injurious or overwhelming impact. In 2 Kings 15:5 the APB renders the LORD as afflicting the king, and in 2 Chronicles 26:20 it renders the LORD as having struck him. Isaiah 53:4 uses a passive participle in a clause rendered "stricken," while Amos 9:5 depicts contact with the land followed by its melting.

   2 Kings 15:52 Chronicles 26:20Isaiah 53:4Amos 9:5Jeremiah 4:10

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB commonly presents the term with contact language such as "touched" and "touches," but in endpoint clauses it uses "reaches," "arrive," or "come." In forceful contexts it uses "afflicted," "struck," and "stricken"; these are verse-level renderings rather than definitions.