esh denotes consuming flame, especially in burning, sacrifice, heavenly manifestations, and destructive judgment.

The sampled uses chiefly denote literal flame as the means by which fields, cities, houses, objects, and fortifications are burned or consumed. The noun also occurs in scenes of heavenly descent and divine response, in sacrificial and other cultic settings, and in descriptions of fiery chariots, coals, and torch-like eyes.

1. Flame that burns and destroys · dominant

   In these singular absolute forms, the noun names the burning force directed against places or objects. In 1 Samuel 30:1 the APB renders Ziklag as "burned it with fire," while in Amos 1:10 it renders fire sent into Tyre's wall that "will devour her citadels."

   1 Samuel 30:12 Samuel 14:301 Kings 16:182 Kings 25:9Amos 1:10Amos 2:5
2. Heaven-sent consuming flame · common

   The noun appears in accounts where flame comes down, consumes, or accompanies a heavenly manifestation. In 1 Kings 18:38, where the noun is in construct form, the APB renders "the fire of the LORD" falling and consuming the offering, wood, stones, dust, and water; in 2 Kings 1:10 it renders fire coming down from heaven and consuming the commander and his fifty.

   1 Kings 18:382 Chronicles 7:11 Chronicles 21:262 Kings 1:102 Kings 1:12Deuteronomy 4:36
3. Flame in sacrificial and prohibited rites · occasional

   In cultic clauses, the singular absolute noun identifies the fire connected with offerings, roasting, or the passing or burning of children. In 2 Chronicles 35:13 the APB renders the Passover as roasted "in the fire," whereas 2 Kings 17:31 describes people who "burned their sons in the fire."

   1 Kings 18:231 Kings 18:252 Chronicles 35:132 Kings 16:32 Kings 17:312 Chronicles 28:3
4. Fiery appearance or imagery · rare

   The noun describes things marked by flame or compares visible features to it. In 2 Kings 2:11 the APB renders a "chariot of fire and horses of fire," and in Daniel 10:6 it renders eyes "like torches of fire."

   2 Kings 2:112 Kings 6:172 Samuel 22:92 Samuel 22:13Daniel 10:61 Kings 19:12

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB commonly presents the noun with "fire," including phrases such as "burned with fire," "fire came down from heaven," and "the fire of the LORD." Because the APB translates whole verses rather than aligning each word, these phrases show the verse-level presentation rather than a fixed English equivalent in every clause.