sa.char denotes commercial dealing, especially traders and trading activity; one Pealal occurrence in a lament remains unclear.

The attested usage chiefly identifies people and places engaged in commerce, while several finite forms describe trading within a land or conducting business. A single Pealal perfect in Psalm 38:11 occurs in a lament whose wording does not isolate the term's contribution.

1. Commercial traders and trading parties · dominant

   Qal active participles regularly identify merchants or trading groups. In Ezekiel 27:21, two masculine plural construct forms occur where Arabia and Kedar are described as trading in rams and goats; in Ezekiel 38:13, the merchants of Tarshish question an expedition seeking spoil. The APB also renders the relevant participants as "traders" or "merchants" in Genesis 37:28 and Isaiah 23:8.

   Ezekiel 27:21Ezekiel 38:13Genesis 37:28Isaiah 23:8Ezekiel 27:121 Kings 10:28
2. To conduct trade in a place · common

   Qal imperative and imperfect forms describe people trading in the land: Genesis 34:10 invites the addressees to dwell and trade there, and Genesis 42:34 permits the hearers to trade in the land after bringing their youngest brother. In Jeremiah 14:18, the Qal perfect plural occurs in the statement that prophet and priest "ply their trade in the land."

   Genesis 34:10Genesis 34:21Genesis 42:34Jeremiah 14:18
3. Unclear Pealal use in a lament · rare

   Psalm 38:11 contains the sole Pealal perfect form in a lament about friends, companions, and kinsmen standing at a distance. The APB renders the clause "stand far off," but its non-whole-verse phrasing does not make this form's specific contribution certain.

   Psalm 38:11

In the Anselm Project Bible: Across the commercial contexts, the APB uses terms such as "merchants," "traders," "trade," and "ply their trade." In Psalm 38:11 it renders the surrounding clause "stand far off," and does not securely identify a corresponding English word for the Pealal form.