ya.dah most often expresses thanksgiving or praise, while Hithpael forms confess sin and two other forms occur in hostile-action clauses.

The dominant attested use is directed thanksgiving or praise, often addressed to the LORD and sometimes linked with declaring his deeds, kindness, or saving action. Hithpael forms occur in clauses of confessing sins and iniquities; two isolated forms tagged Qal and Piel stand in hostile-action clauses, where the translation renders actions against Babylon and the speaker's life.

1. Thanksgiving or praise directed to God · dominant

   Imperative, infinitive, participial, and imperfect Hiphil forms occur in calls and acts of thanksgiving or praise. In 1 Chronicles 16:8 the APB renders the surrounding commands, "Give thanks to the LORD; call upon his name; make known his deeds among the peoples," and in Psalm 107:15 the jussive calls for thanks for kindness and wonders. In Psalm 109:30, the first-person imperfect is placed with giving great thanks publicly and praising the LORD among many.

   1 Chronicles 16:8Psalm 107:15Psalm 109:30Psalm 111:1Isaiah 25:1Psalm 118:21
2. Confessing sin or iniquity · occasional

   Hithpael forms appear where a person or group states sin, transgression, or iniquity. In Leviticus 16:21 the APB renders Aaron's action as confessing Israel's iniquities, transgressions, and sins over the goat; in Daniel 9:20, the participle occurs as Daniel is praying and confessing his own sin and that of Israel. Proverbs 28:13 places the participle with forsaking transgressions.

   Leviticus 16:21Leviticus 26:40Nehemiah 9:2Daniel 9:4Daniel 9:20Proverbs 28:13
3. Hostile action in two isolated clauses · rare

   Two non-Hiphil forms occur in clauses of attack or destruction. In Jeremiah 50:14, the Qal imperative is in the command to those with bows as the APB renders, "shoot at her; spare no arrow"; in Lamentations 3:53, the Piel sequential imperfect occurs in the report that enemies destroyed the speaker's life in the pit. The verse is read as a whole, so the precise English contribution of each form remains less certain than in the thanksgiving and confession clauses.

   Jeremiah 50:14Lamentations 3:53

In the Anselm Project Bible: Across the dominant Hiphil occurrences, the APB commonly uses "give thanks" and sometimes places the form in clauses rendered with "praise." In the Hithpael passages it uses "confess," while Jeremiah 50:14 and Lamentations 3:53 are rendered with hostile actions; these are verse-level renderings rather than definitions.