sa.lem denotes repaying what is due, fulfilling an obligation, bringing work to completion, or making peace.

The prevailing use concerns giving what is due, whether restitution for loss or repayment according to a person's deeds. The term also occurs for carrying out a vow or stated purpose, for work or days reaching completion, and, in one supplied clause, for making peace.

1. Repay or make restitution · dominant

   In legal clauses, Piel forms state the required response to loss or theft: in Exodus 21:34 the APB renders the clause "shall make restitution," and in Exodus 22:12 it renders "he shall make restitution to its master." The same form family occurs in recompense according to conduct: in Isaiah 59:18 the APB renders repayment to adversaries and enemies, while in Jeremiah 50:29 it renders the command "repay her according to her work."

   Exodus 21:34Exodus 22:12Exodus 22:142 Samuel 12:6Isaiah 59:18Jeremiah 50:29
2. Fulfill a vow or intended purpose · common

   Piel forms occur where an obligation is to be carried out: in 2 Samuel 15:7 the APB renders Absalom's stated purpose as "fulfill my vow," and Ecclesiastes 5:4 repeats the instruction to fulfill what was vowed. In Isaiah 44:28, a Hiphil imperfect occurs in the clause the APB renders "he fulfills all my pleasure."

   2 Samuel 15:7Ecclesiastes 5:4Isaiah 19:21Isaiah 44:28Jonah 2:10
3. Reach completion or an end · occasional

   Qal sequential imperfects mark the completion of temple work in 1 Kings 7:51 and 2 Chronicles 5:1; the APB renders the work as "finished" and "completed." In Isaiah 60:20, a Qal sequential perfect occurs where the APB says the days of mourning "shall be ended."

   1 Kings 7:512 Chronicles 5:11 Kings 9:25Isaiah 38:12Isaiah 60:20
4. Make peace · rare

   In 2 Samuel 10:19, a Hiphil sequential imperfect plural appears in the clause the APB renders "they made peace with Israel and became subject to them."

   2 Samuel 10:19

In the Anselm Project Bible: Across the cited clauses, the APB uses "make restitution," "repay," and "fulfill," and it also describes work as "finished" or "completed" and parties as having "made peace." Because the APB is a whole-verse translation, these renderings identify the clauses' presentation rather than assign a fixed English equivalent to every form.