na.cham describes giving or receiving consolation and, in other clauses, reconsidering an intended action or feeling remorse.

The term most often concerns consolation in grief, affliction, or distress, whether offered to another, received, or sought for oneself. It also marks remorse or a reversal from a stated or intended course, especially concerning disaster, and can describe self-consolation or satisfaction in a hostile setting.

1. Consoling people in grief or distress · dominant

   Piel forms occur where people bring consolation after bereavement or hardship: in 2 Samuel 12:24 the APB renders David's action toward Bathsheba as "comforted," and in Job 42:11 relatives mourn with Job and "comforted him" over his distress. The same pattern includes commands to comfort God's people and promises of comfort after mourning or affliction.

   2 Samuel 12:24Genesis 37:35Job 42:11Isaiah 40:1Isaiah 51:3Jeremiah 31:13
2. Reconsidering an intended act in remorse · common

   Niphal forms mark a change regarding an act or outcome. In Exodus 32:14 the APB renders the clause, "the LORD relented from the disaster," while Jeremiah 18:8 sets such relenting after a nation turns from evil; Genesis 6:7 presents sorrow over having made humanity.

   Exodus 32:14Jeremiah 18:8Jeremiah 18:10Genesis 6:71 Samuel 15:11Joel 2:14
3. Finding consolation or satisfaction for oneself · occasional

   Some clauses portray a subject's own consolation rather than comfort offered to another. In Genesis 27:42 the APB says Esau is "comforting himself" while planning to kill Jacob; in Isaiah 1:24 the speaker says, "I will comfort myself from my enemies" in a sentence that also announces vengeance.

   Genesis 27:42Isaiah 1:24Ezekiel 5:13Ezekiel 31:16Ezekiel 32:31

In the Anselm Project Bible: Across these verses the APB commonly uses "comfort," "comforted," and "comforter" for clauses of consolation, but uses "relented," "repented," "regret," or "was sorry" where an intended action or prior act is reconsidered. These renderings show the verse-level presentation rather than fixed English equivalents.