gil.ad names a land or region, including Ramoth-gilead and Jabesh-gilead, and also an ancestor in genealogies.

The term most often identifies a geographic land or region, whether named directly, bounded by other places, or incorporated into place-names such as Ramoth-gilead and Jabesh-gilead. In genealogical notices, it also identifies an ancestor described as the father or son within a family line.

1. Geographic land, region, and place-name element · dominant

   As a proper noun, it identifies territory: in 2 Kings 10:33 the APB renders “all the land of Gilead” eastward from the Jordan and distinguishes it alongside Bashan. It also occurs within named places connected with military action, as Ramoth-gilead in 1 Kings 22:3 and 2 Kings 9:14, and with Jabesh-gilead in 1 Samuel 11:1.

   2 Kings 10:331 Kings 22:32 Kings 9:141 Samuel 11:11 Chronicles 5:16Deuteronomy 2:36
2. Personal name in genealogical descent · rare

   In genealogical clauses, the proper noun identifies a person rather than territory. In 1 Chronicles 7:17 the APB renders “the sons of Gilead, the son of Machir,” while 1 Chronicles 5:14 places Gilead within a longer line of descent.

   1 Chronicles 7:171 Chronicles 5:141 Chronicles 2:211 Chronicles 2:231 Chronicles 7:14

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB commonly presents the term as “Gilead,” “land of Gilead,” or in hyphenated place-names such as “Ramoth-gilead” and “Jabesh-gilead.” In genealogies it retains “Gilead” as a personal name; these renderings reflect whole-verse translation rather than a word-by-word alignment.