a.rag denotes textile-making work, whether naming a weaver, describing woven material, or depicting the act in imagery.

The term consistently concerns textile-making: participial forms identify weavers and their work, while imperfect forms describe weaving hair with a web and making spider webs; Isaiah 38:12 also uses the image of a weaver in a personal comparison.

1. Textile-making and the work of weavers · dominant

   The Qal active participles identify a maker or characterize work associated with that craft: in Exodus 35:35 the APB renders a list including “the weaver,” and in Exodus 39:22 it calls the robe “the work of a weaver.” In 2 Kings 23:7 women are said to make houses for Asherah, while Isaiah 19:9 speaks of those who make white cloth; the same participial form also occurs in the repeated comparison of a spear shaft with “a weaver's beam” in 1 Samuel 17:7 and 1 Chronicles 11:23.

   Exodus 35:35Exodus 39:222 Kings 23:7Isaiah 19:91 Samuel 17:71 Chronicles 11:23

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB commonly uses “weaver,” “woven,” and “weave” in these verses, and it renders Isaiah 38:12 with the comparison “like a weaver.” These English expressions show the verse-level presentation rather than a fixed one-to-one rendering.