sha.on denotes a loud, surging sound or public clamor, especially from crowds, waters, or hostile upheaval.

The attested use centers on loud, collective noise: the sound of peoples, kingdoms, waters, adversaries, or upheaval in scenes of conflict and judgment. The same noun is also placed beside music and celebration, but the supplied translation does not always make its individual contribution clear.

1. Loud collective noise or clamor · dominant

   The noun marks a massed, forceful sound in clauses about peoples and conflict: in Isaiah 13:4 the APB renders “a voice of the roar of kingdoms,” while Isaiah 17:12 compares the sound of many peoples with roaring seas and mighty waters. It also occurs with adversaries who rise continually in Psalm 74:23, and with Babylon's waves and voice in Jeremiah 51:55.

   Isaiah 13:4Isaiah 17:12Isaiah 17:13Isaiah 25:5Jeremiah 51:55Psalm 74:23

In the Anselm Project Bible: Across the supplied verses, the APB variously uses “roar,” “roaring,” “uproar,” “noise,” and “clamor” for the surrounding clauses. In Psalm 40:3 and Psalm 65:8, the translation does not visibly isolate the noun's contribution, so those renderings cannot be assigned to the term with confidence.