ra.gaz denotes trembling or shaking, whether of people, the earth, or places unsettled by distress and anger.

The dominant use depicts people, the land, or cosmic features trembling or shaking in response to fear, distress, or divine action. Other contexts show settled people or places being disturbed, hostile raging against someone, and causing the earth, heavens, kingdoms, or a land’s inhabitants to shake or be unsettled.

1. Trembling or shaking in fear and upheaval · dominant

   Qal forms describe physical or responsive trembling: in Exodus 15:14 the APB renders peoples who hear and tremble, while in Amos 8:8 it renders the land trembling and its inhabitants mourning. The same use includes the earth and heavens shaking in 2 Samuel 22:8 and the land trembling before the approaching force in Joel 2:10.

   Exodus 15:14Amos 8:82 Samuel 22:8Joel 2:10Habakkuk 3:16Micah 7:17
2. Being unsettled or disturbed · occasional

   In 2 Samuel 7:10, the Qal imperfect occurs in the promise that Israel will dwell in its appointed place and be disturbed no more; 1 Chronicles 17:9 presents the same clause. Genesis 45:24 uses a Qal jussive in a departure instruction that the APB renders, “Do not tremble on the way.”

   2 Samuel 7:101 Chronicles 17:9Genesis 45:24
3. Raging in opposition · rare

   The Hithpael infinitive construct occurs with opposition directed “against me” in 2 Kings 19:27 and 2 Kings 19:28; the APB renders the action as “raging.” Isaiah 37:28 and Isaiah 37:29 repeat this hostile setting and rendering.

   2 Kings 19:272 Kings 19:28Isaiah 37:28Isaiah 37:29
4. Causing shaking or unrest · common

   Hiphil forms place the action upon what is affected: in Isaiah 13:13 the speaker says he will make the heavens tremble, and in Isaiah 23:11 the APB says that kingdoms were made to tremble. Jeremiah 50:34 presents an infinitive construct in a contrast between rest for the land and unrest for Babylon’s inhabitants.

   Isaiah 13:13Isaiah 23:11Isaiah 14:16Job 9:6Jeremiah 50:34

In the Anselm Project Bible: Across the cited verses, the APB commonly uses “tremble” or “shaking,” while other clauses are rendered “disturbed,” “raging,” and “unrest.” Because the APB is a whole-verse translation, these renderings show the clauses’ presentation rather than fixed English equivalents.