qa.tsaph describes becoming angry, or provoking someone—especially the LORD—to anger in response to conduct.

The prevailing use describes a person or the LORD becoming angry in response to refusal, disobedience, or other offense. A smaller Hiphil group describes people provoking the LORD to anger, while one reflexive form depicts an afflicted person becoming angry.

1. Becoming angry in response to an offense · dominant

   Qal forms most often mark the onset or state of anger: in 2 Kings 5:11 the APB renders Naaman as angry after his expectation is unmet, and in Exodus 16:20 Moses is angry when men keep food until morning. The same pattern includes the LORD's anger toward Israel in Deuteronomy 1:34 and Zechariah 1:2, and the king's anger after Vashti refuses in Esther 1:12.

   2 Kings 5:11Exodus 16:20Deuteronomy 1:34Esther 1:12Zechariah 1:2Zechariah 1:15
2. Provoking the LORD to anger · occasional

   Hiphil forms place the people as those whose conduct brings about the LORD's anger. In Deuteronomy 9:7 and Deuteronomy 9:8 the APB renders Israel as having provoked the LORD in the wilderness and at Horeb; Psalm 106:32 similarly links their action at the waters of provocation with harm for Moses.

   Deuteronomy 9:7Deuteronomy 9:8Deuteronomy 9:22Psalm 106:32Zechariah 8:14
3. Becoming angry under distress · rare

   In Isaiah 8:21, the Hithpael sequential perfect occurs in a scene of hunger and hardship; the APB renders the person as becoming angry and then cursing his king and God.

   Isaiah 8:21

In the Anselm Project Bible: Across the supplied verses, the APB commonly presents the Qal forms with “was angry,” “became angry,” or “angry,” and presents Hiphil forms as “provoked... to anger.” These renderings confirm the clauses' overall presentation rather than establish a separate English equivalent for every form.