pe.sah denotes culpable wrongdoing by persons or communities, addressed through forgiveness, judgment, repentance, or removal.

The occurrences consistently name culpable wrongdoing, whether attributed to an individual, a people, or a nation. Such wrongdoing is described as forgiven or removed, as bringing punishment or distress, and as something from which people are called to turn.

1. Culpable wrongdoing subject to response · dominant

   The noun identifies acts for which forgiveness, judgment, or turning back is in view. In Exodus 23:21 the singular construct form stands in the warning that it will not be forgiven; in Ezekiel 18:30 the plural construct form names what Israel must turn away from; and in Amos 5:12 the plural form occurs with conduct that afflicts the righteous, takes bribes, and turns aside the needy. In Genesis 50:17 the APB renders the request to Joseph as a plea to forgive the wrongdoing of his brothers.

   Exodus 23:21Ezekiel 18:30Amos 5:12Genesis 50:17Isaiah 43:25Daniel 9:24

In the Anselm Project Bible: Across the supplied verses, the APB commonly presents the noun as “transgression” or “transgressions,” often alongside “sin” or “iniquity.” Because the APB is a whole-verse translation, individual English wording cannot always be assigned precisely to this noun.