ne.qa.mah denotes retaliatory punishment carried out against enemies, often presented as the LORD's judgment.

The attested use denotes retaliatory judgment or punishment against enemies and offending nations, frequently as action attributed to the LORD. It can be sought against persecutors, executed against named peoples, or described as hostile retaliation planned by opponents.

1. Retaliatory judgment against enemies · dominant

   The noun names punitive action directed against enemies or nations. In Numbers 31:3 the APB renders the clause about armed men going against Midian to execute "the LORD's vengeance," while Jeremiah 50:15 joins it to Babylon's overthrow and the command to do to her as she has done. Ezekiel 25:17 presents great acts of punishment against the Philistines and says that the LORD will place this judgment upon them.

   Numbers 31:3Jeremiah 50:15Ezekiel 25:17Jeremiah 46:10Psalm 149:7Judges 11:36

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB commonly uses "vengeance" and related wording such as "take vengeance," "acts of vengeance," "revenge," and "avenging." These renderings show the clauses' overall presentation rather than a fixed English equivalent for each form.