badly
kakos describes severe affliction and, in other contexts, speaking, asking, or acting in a harmful or improper way.
The predominant attested use describes people suffering severely through sickness or other affliction. In a smaller group of clauses, it qualifies speech, a request, or destructive action as improper or harmful.
Senses in use
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Severe illness or affliction · dominant
The adverb occurs in clauses about persons needing healing or suffering acutely: in Luke 7:2 the APB renders a centurion's slave as “badly ill and about to die,” while Matthew 17:15 renders a son's suffering as “suffers badly.” In Mark 6:55 and Matthew 4:24, the surrounding clauses describe bringing afflicted people for healing; Matthew 15:22 likewise renders the daughter's condition as “severely demon-possessed.”
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Improper or harmful manner of action · common
The adverb qualifies conduct in varied clauses: Acts 23:5 concerns speaking of a ruler, James 4:3 concerns asking with a faulty aim, and John 18:23 contrasts speaking “badly” with speaking “well.” In Matthew 21:41, the APB renders the predicted treatment of evil men as destruction “badly.”
In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB presents the term with expressions such as “badly ill,” “suffers badly,” “severely demon-possessed,” “speak badly,” and “ask wrongly.” These are verse-level renderings rather than fixed word-for-word equivalents.