toph denotes a percussion instrument heard with song, dance, celebration, praise, and public rejoicing in the biblical verses supplied.

The attested use is consistently a percussion instrument placed alongside other instruments and associated with singing, dancing, feasting, praise, and celebratory gatherings; it can also be named when such joy ceases or in a sound accompanying judgment.

1. Percussion instrument in musical celebration · dominant

   The noun occurs in lists of instruments and actions of public music: in Exodus 15:20 the APB renders Miriam taking one in her hand as women go out with dancing, and in 1 Samuel 18:6 it renders women meeting Saul while singing and dancing. In Psalm 149:3 and Psalm 150:4, the APB places it with dance and praise, while Isaiah 24:8 names its joy as ceasing.

   Exodus 15:201 Samuel 18:61 Chronicles 13:8Psalm 149:3Psalm 150:4Isaiah 24:8

In the Anselm Project Bible: Across most supplied verses, the APB presents the term as “tambourine” or “tambourines” within musical lists and scenes of dancing or praise. In Psalm 81:3, the translation instead mentions the trumpet and feast without visibly isolating this term, so the English rendering is not uniform or one-to-one.