sha.mad marks bringing people, communities, places, or power to an end, or being brought to ruin.

The verb consistently concerns bringing a person, people, household, place, or political power to an end; in Niphal forms it describes the corresponding fate of being brought to ruin. Its clauses range from the removal of nations and households to the threatened loss of a people, a kingdom, or cultic sites.

1. Bring to ruin or be brought to ruin · dominant

   Hiphil forms occur where an agent acts against a target: in 1 Kings 15:29 the king eliminates Jeroboam's whole house, and in Esther 3:13 the order targets all the Jews. Niphal forms present the affected party's fate: in Ezekiel 32:12 Egypt's crowd is brought to its end, while Hosea 10:8 speaks of the high places being brought down. In 2 Kings 10:28 the target is Baal, showing that the action can concern a cultic object as well as persons or groups.

   1 Kings 15:29Esther 3:13Ezekiel 32:12Hosea 10:82 Kings 10:28Deuteronomy 31:3

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB commonly uses “destroy” or “destroyed” in these clauses, but also uses “perish,” “ruin,” and “blot out” where the verse describes the outcome. Because the APB is a whole-verse translation, those renderings indicate the clauses' overall presentation rather than fixed English equivalents.