sho.ham names a precious stone used in crafted settings, engraved pieces, and lists of valuable materials.

The term consistently denotes a precious stone: it is supplied for priestly items and settings, made into engraved stones, included among valuable materials, and named in lists of precious stones.

1. A precious stone for valued materials and ornament · dominant

   The masculine singular absolute form occurs among materials for the ephod and breastpiece in Exodus 25:7 and Exodus 35:27; in Exodus 28:9 the APB renders the clause as taking two stones and engraving the names of Israel's sons on them. It is also placed in a row of stones set with gold in Exodus 28:20, while Genesis 2:12 and Job 28:16 include it among prized substances.

   Exodus 25:7Exodus 28:9Exodus 28:20Exodus 35:27Genesis 2:12Job 28:16

In the Anselm Project Bible: Across these verses, the APB commonly presents the term as “onyx” or “onyx stones,” including stones for settings and engraving. Those English expressions confirm the verse-level presentation rather than establish a finer lexical distinction.