shab.bat is the sacred seventh-day observance, kept without work, honored as holy, and marked by worship and offerings.

The supplied verses use the term for the sacred seventh-day observance: a day kept holy and free from work, repeatedly kept or consecrated rather than profaned, and also a stated occasion for offerings, assembly, and regular service.

1. Sacred seventh-day observance · dominant

   The term identifies the seventh day as holy and set apart from ordinary work: in Exodus 20:10 the APB renders the clause, “the seventh day is a Sabbath to the LORD your God,” followed by a prohibition of work. In Exodus 31:14 it is to be kept because it is holy, while Ezekiel 20:20 presents the plural construct form in the command to sanctify “my Sabbaths” as a sign. The same observance also provides a calendar setting for offerings in 1 Chronicles 23:31 and for opening the inner-court gate in Ezekiel 46:1.

   Exodus 20:10Exodus 31:14Ezekiel 20:20Exodus 16:291 Chronicles 23:31Ezekiel 46:1

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB commonly presents the term as “Sabbath” or “Sabbaths,” including phrases such as “Sabbath day” and “a Sabbath of complete rest.” These English expressions confirm the clauses’ presentation of the observance but do not independently define each Hebrew token.