tse.da.qah denotes conduct that is just and right, and also a person's or God's righteous standing and acts in judgment.

The term most often denotes conduct described as just and right, especially in commands, leadership, and calls to turn from wrongdoing. It also marks the righteousness attributed to a person and connected with reward, life, or accountability, while several passages speak of the LORD's righteousness or righteous acts in judgment and deliverance.

1. Just and right conduct · dominant

   The singular noun occurs in clauses calling for or describing conduct: in Ezekiel 45:9 the APB renders leaders as commanded to “practice justice and righteousness,” and in Ezekiel 33:19 a wicked person turns from wickedness and does “justice and righteousness” and lives. In Genesis 18:19, Abraham's household is to keep the LORD's way by doing these acts.

   Ezekiel 45:9Ezekiel 33:19Genesis 18:19Ezekiel 18:21Deuteronomy 6:25Amos 5:24
2. A person's righteousness in recompense or accountability · common

   Construct forms attach the noun to an individual when the verse assesses that person's outcome. In 2 Samuel 22:21 the APB renders the LORD as rewarding the speaker according to “my righteousness”; in Ezekiel 18:20, the righteousness of the righteous is said to be upon that person. Ezekiel 33:12 also states that the righteous person's righteousness does not deliver him on the day of transgression.

   2 Samuel 22:212 Samuel 22:25Ezekiel 18:20Ezekiel 18:22Ezekiel 33:12Genesis 30:33
3. The LORD's righteous action or quality · occasional

   The noun is attributed directly to the LORD or set within appeals concerning his action. In Daniel 9:7 the APB renders, “Righteousness belongs to you, O LORD,” while Daniel 9:16 appeals to the LORD's plural “righteousnesses” as the prayer asks for anger and wrath to turn from Jerusalem. In Isaiah 46:13, “my righteousness” is brought near alongside deliverance in Zion.

   Daniel 9:7Daniel 9:16Isaiah 46:13Deuteronomy 33:211 Samuel 12:7
4. Righteous acts considered as a record · occasional

   Some clauses focus on acts that may be remembered or not remembered. In Ezekiel 18:24, when a righteous man turns to injustice, the APB says that none of the “righteous acts he has done” will be remembered; Ezekiel 33:13 states the same outcome when he trusts in his righteousness and does injustice. Isaiah 33:15 describes a person walking uprightly, refusing extortion and bribes, and avoiding evil.

   Ezekiel 18:24Ezekiel 33:13Isaiah 33:151 Samuel 12:7

In the Anselm Project Bible: Across these verses, the APB commonly uses “righteousness,” often alongside “justice,” and sometimes uses “righteous acts” where the clause concerns deeds remembered or not remembered. These renderings confirm the clauses' overall presentation rather than fixing a separate English equivalent in every occurrence.