a.tsum describes people, nations, forces, and other referents as powerful, formidable, or notably great.

The adjective most often marks nations and peoples as formidable in comparison with others or in scenes of conflict and dispossession. The same description also occurs with an army, waters, sins, livestock, and individual groups, presenting them as powerful or notably great within their clauses.

1. Powerful or formidable in context · dominant

   The masculine plural absolute form describes nations greater than Israel in Deuteronomy 7:1 and a battle-ready people in Joel 2:5. It also occurs in clauses concerning the River's waters in Isaiah 8:7, sins in Amos 5:12, and the oppressors over whom the helpless fall in Psalm 10:10; in Proverbs 30:26, the singular form occurs in the contrast that the rock badgers are not so described.

   Deuteronomy 7:1Joel 2:5Isaiah 8:7Amos 5:12Psalm 10:10Proverbs 30:26

In the Anselm Project Bible: Across the supplied verses, the APB commonly presents the relevant clauses with “mighty,” while also using “strong,” “great,” and “very great” in some contexts. These are presentations of the clauses rather than fixed translations of the term.