mah is an interrogative particle that introduces questions about actions, requests, circumstances, and reasons.

The supplied verses show mah functioning as an interrogative particle in direct questions: it introduces inquiries about what someone has done, what should be given or reported, and why an action or situation has occurred.

1. Interrogative particle introducing questions · dominant

   All supplied forms are tagged Particle · Interrogative and occur in questioning clauses. In 1 Kings 19:9 the APB renders the question to Elijah, “What are you doing here, Elijah?”; in 1 Kings 3:5 it renders a request concerning what should be given; and in 1 Samuel 13:11 it renders Samuel’s question about Saul’s action.

   1 Kings 19:91 Kings 3:51 Samuel 13:11

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB commonly presents the interrogative clauses with English forms such as “What,” “Why,” and “How.” These render the verse-level questions rather than establishing separate meanings for the particle.