to pain
ka.av describes causing hurt or experiencing pain, whether bodily, inward, or inflicted by hostile circumstances.
The attested uses divide evenly between causing hurt or harm and undergoing pain. The Hiphil forms occur where harm is inflicted, while the Qal forms describe people in pain or a heart that pains; Psalm 69:30 contains a Qal participle, though the APB wording does not isolate its contribution.
Senses in use
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Causing hurt or harmful distress · common
The Hiphil forms portray an agent inflicting harm: in Job 5:18 the APB renders the clause “For he causes pain, and he binds up”; in Ezekiel 13:22 God says, “I did not pain him.” In 2 Kings 3:19 the command concerns ruining good land with stones, and in Ezekiel 28:24 a thorn is said to pain the house of Israel.
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Being in pain or inward distress · common
The Qal forms describe those undergoing pain: Genesis 34:25 places the men of the city “in pain,” Job 14:22 says that flesh “feels pain,” and Proverbs 14:13 says that the heart may pain even in laughter. Psalm 69:30 has a Qal active participle in a verse of praise and thanksgiving, but the APB does not make the term's specific contribution clear.
In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB explicitly uses “pain,” “causes pain,” “pains,” and “feels pain” in several clauses, while it renders the setting of 2 Kings 3:19 as “ruin” and does not visibly reflect the term in Psalm 69:30. These wordings confirm the verse contexts rather than establish separate meanings.