cha.raq denotes grinding or gnashing the teeth in scenes of anger, hostility, mockery, or plotting.

The attested use depicts the grinding or gnashing of teeth as an expression accompanying hostile anger or opposition: enemies do so against a target, the wicked does so while plotting, and mockers do so at the speaker.

1. Gnashing teeth in hostile opposition · dominant

   Across the occurrences, the forms describe teeth being ground or gnashed in confrontational settings. In Job 16:9 the APB renders the clause "he has gnashed his teeth at me" amid anger and hatred; in Lamentations 2:16 enemies open their mouths and "have hissed and gnashed their teeth." Psalm 112:10 places the imperfect form with the wicked person's anger, while Psalm 35:16 and Psalm 37:12 connect the action with mockers and the wicked person's plotting against the righteous.

   Job 16:9Lamentations 2:16Psalm 112:10Psalm 35:16Psalm 37:12

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB consistently presents the action as "gnashed" or "gnashes" teeth, except in Psalm 35:16, where it renders the clause "they grind their teeth at me." These renderings confirm the verses' tooth-grinding imagery rather than establish separate senses.