ga.ash describes shaking or violent agitation, of the earth, people, waves, and river-like waters.

The attested uses depict violent agitation in natural settings, especially the earth and turbulent waters; they also describe people being shaken. In the supplied verses, the movement may be associated with quaking foundations, surging Nile-like waters, tossing waves, or people shaken before a sword.

1. Violent movement in earth and natural forces · dominant

   In 2 Samuel 22:8, the Qal sequential imperfect occurs in the clause where the APB renders that “the earth reeled and quaked” and the heavenly foundations “trembled and shook.” In Psalm 18:8, the same supplied Qal sequential-imperfect morphology appears in a smoke-and-fire clause, though the APB wording there does not isolate the term's contribution.

   2 Samuel 22:8Psalm 18:8
2. Surging or tossing waters · common

   In Jeremiah 46:7 and Jeremiah 46:8, the Hithpael/Hithpolel imperfect forms occur in comparisons with the Nile and rivers; the APB renders the waters as they “surge.” In Jeremiah 5:22, a Hithpael sequential imperfect occurs in the sea-boundary statement, where the APB describes waves that “toss” and “roar” without crossing.

   Jeremiah 46:7Jeremiah 46:8Jeremiah 5:22
3. People shaken · occasional

   In Jeremiah 25:16, the Hithpolel sequential perfect occurs after drinking before the sword, and the APB renders the clause “They shall drink and shake.” In Job 34:20, the Pual imperfect is used of people at night; the APB renders that “the people are shaken and pass away.”

   Jeremiah 25:16Job 34:20

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB presents the relevant clauses with movement language such as “shook,” “shake,” “surge,” “toss,” and “the people are shaken.” These varied English expressions indicate the verse contexts rather than fixed renderings of the term.