pneuma names the divine Spirit, a person's inner spirit, and spirits identified by their activity or confession.

The supplied verses most often use the term for the Spirit associated with God, acting, giving, revealing, dwelling, and testifying. It also denotes a person's inner spirit in prayer, disposition, presence, or refreshment; plural forms can identify spirits to be discerned, tested, or described as evil, prophetic, or imprisoned. A rare singular use describes the last Adam as “a life-giving spirit.”

1. God's active and given Spirit · dominant

   Singular forms identify the Spirit as the one who activates and distributes gifts in 1 Corinthians 12:11, while 1 Corinthians 2:10 says that the Spirit searches even the depths of God. In 1 Corinthians 3:16 the APB renders the clause that the Spirit of God “dwells in you,” and 1 John 5:6 presents the Spirit as the one who testifies.

   1 Corinthians 12:111 Corinthians 2:101 Corinthians 3:161 Corinthians 12:131 John 5:61 Peter 1:11
2. A person's inner spirit or disposition · common

   The singular term occurs with personal prayer and praise in 1 Corinthians 14:14 and 1 Corinthians 14:15, where the APB contrasts praying or singing “with the spirit” and “with the mind.” It also marks inward presence in 1 Corinthians 5:3 and an inward quality in 1 Peter 3:4, rendered “a gentle and quiet spirit.”

   1 Corinthians 14:141 Corinthians 14:151 Corinthians 5:31 Corinthians 16:181 Corinthians 4:211 Peter 3:4
3. Spirits identified, tested, or distinguished · occasional

   Plural forms refer to spirits that are to be discerned in 1 Corinthians 12:10 and tested for whether they are from God in 1 John 4:1. The same plural form occurs for “evil spirits” leaving afflicted people in Acts 19:12, while 1 Corinthians 14:32 says that the spirits of prophets are subject to the prophets.

   1 Corinthians 12:101 John 4:11 John 4:21 John 4:6Acts 19:121 Corinthians 14:32
4. Life-giving designation · rare

   In 1 Corinthians 15:45, the accusative singular occurs in the statement contrasting the first Adam as “a living soul” with the last Adam as “a life-giving spirit.” The verse supplies the designation but does not further define its contribution.

   1 Corinthians 15:45

In the Anselm Project Bible: Across these verses, the APB commonly uses “Spirit” where the clause associates the term with God, giving, revelation, or testimony, and “spirit” for personal disposition, prayer, and plural spirits. Those renderings confirm the clauses' overall presentation rather than establish a separate English equivalent in every occurrence.