to see: see
horao chiefly denotes seeing or being seen, extending in the supplied verses to visions, recognition, and knowing.
The supplied verses most often use the term for direct sight of people, events, and visible things. It also occurs in passive clauses for someone or something appearing, in vision scenes, and in clauses where seeing expresses recognition, knowledge, or attentive judgment.
Senses in use
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Direct visual sight or encounter · dominant
The aorist active forms describe people seeing what is before them: those at the door see Peter in Acts 12:16, the crowds see Paul’s deed in Acts 14:11, and Paul sees fellow believers in Acts 28:15. In 1 Thessalonians 2:17, the infinitive concerns the desired sight of the recipients’ face.
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Appearing to a viewer · common
Passive forms present a figure or object as appearing: in 1 Corinthians 15:5 the APB renders the clause “he appeared to Cephas,” and Acts 2:3 describes tongues that “appeared to them.” Acts 9:17 likewise identifies Jesus as the one who appeared on Saul’s road.
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Seeing in a vision or perceptive scene · occasional
In Acts 10:3, the subject sees an angel in a vision, while Acts 11:5 describes seeing a vision in a trance. The clause in Acts 14:9 joins looking at a man with seeing that he had faith, showing sight within an evaluative observation rather than merely naming an object.
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Knowing, recognizing, or attending to · occasional
Perfect active participles occur in statements of knowledge: 1 Timothy 1:9 begins “knowing this,” and 2 Timothy 2:23 connects knowing with the outcome of controversies. In Acts 8:23, the present form introduces Simon’s assessment of another person, while Acts 18:15 uses a future form in the clause the APB renders “see to it yourselves.”
In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB commonly uses “saw,” “seen,” and “see” in the supplied clauses, but also uses “appeared” for passive forms and “know” or “see to it” in some contexts. These renderings show the clauses’ presentation rather than fixed English equivalents.