monos marks a person, thing, action, or recipient as limited to one or set apart from others.

The dominant use limits a statement, action, object, or group to one rather than extending it further, often in clauses that add a contrasting “also.” It can also describe being without companions and identify a single, exclusive person or recipient within the verse’s stated relation.

1. Limiting something to one case or extent · dominant

   The neuter accusative form frequently narrows what is being said: in 1 Thessalonians 1:5 the APB renders the gospel as not coming “in word only” but also with power and the Spirit, while in 2 Corinthians 9:12 the service is not confined to supplying needs but also overflows in thanksgivings. In Galatians 2:10, the stated request is limited to remembering the poor; in Acts 18:25, the man’s knowledge is limited to John’s baptism.

   1 Thessalonians 1:52 Corinthians 9:12Galatians 2:10Acts 18:251 John 5:62 Timothy 4:8
2. Without companions or left by oneself · common

   Nominative forms describe persons or a grain as remaining apart from companions. In 1 Thessalonians 3:1 the APB renders the group as left behind in Athens “alone”; in John 12:24 the grain remains alone unless it dies, and in John 16:32 the speaker is left alone while also stating that the Father is with him.

   1 Thessalonians 3:1John 12:24John 16:32John 6:15Luke 10:402 Timothy 4:11
3. The sole person or group in a stated role · occasional

   The term can single out one person or group as exclusive within a specified role or relation. In Colossians 4:11 the APB identifies certain men as “the only ones” from the circumcision who became co-workers; in Hebrews 9:7, entry into the second tent is restricted to the high priest. In 1 Timothy 6:16, the subject alone possesses immortality.

   Colossians 4:11Hebrews 9:71 Timothy 6:161 Timothy 6:151 Corinthians 9:61 Corinthians 14:36
4. Exclusive attribution to God · rare

   With singular masculine forms, the term marks God as the exclusive recipient or identity named in the clause. In 1 Timothy 1:17 the APB gives honor and glory to “the only God,” and in Jude 1:25 it directs glory, majesty, power, and authority “to God alone.”

   1 Timothy 1:17Jude 1:25John 17:3John 5:44

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB commonly presents the limiting use with “only” or “not only … but also,” and the separated-person use with “alone” or “by himself.” Because the APB is a whole-verse translation, these English expressions confirm the clauses’ overall contrasts rather than assigning a fixed English equivalent in every verse.