basileuo describes exercising rule over people or realms, and figuratively the dominance of death, sin, or grace.

The predominant use describes a person exercising rule over a people or realm, including future shared rule with Christ; a smaller cluster uses the verb for death, sin, and grace as ruling forces.

1. Exercise rule over people or a realm · dominant

   In Luke 19:14, the aorist active infinitive occurs in the citizens' refusal to have the man rule over them; Luke 1:33 states that he will rule over the house of Jacob. Matthew 2:22 places the present form in the report that Archelaus was ruling over Judea, while Revelation 20:6 places a future plural form in the statement that priests of God and Christ will rule with him.

   Luke 19:14Luke 1:33Matthew 2:221 Corinthians 15:25Revelation 19:6Revelation 20:6
2. Exercise figurative dominance · occasional

   Romans 5:14 uses a singular aorist form with death as the ruling subject, and Romans 5:21 sets sin's rule in death alongside grace's rule through righteousness. In Romans 6:12, the present singular form occurs in the command not to let sin rule in the mortal body.

   Romans 5:14Romans 5:17Romans 5:21Romans 6:12

In the Anselm Project Bible: Across these verses, the APB commonly presents the relevant clauses with “reign,” “reigned,” or “reigning,” including “begun to reign” in Revelation 11:17. These renderings confirm the clauses' overall presentation rather than establishing a separate meaning for each English form.