she.teph denotes an overwhelming rush of water and, in two clauses, a destructive force likened to such a surge.

The attested use most often concerns a powerful rush of water, whether rain-torrents, great waters, or an overwhelming event that brings an end. Two further clauses apply the same forceful picture to anger and to armies being swept away.

1. Overwhelming surge of waters · dominant

   In Job 38:25, the absolute singular form occurs in the clause about a channel for torrents of rain; in Psalm 32:6, the construct form stands with great waters that do not reach the praying person. Daniel 9:26 and Nahum 1:8 place the absolute singular form in descriptions of an end or complete destruction; the APB renders these clauses with “a flood” and “an overwhelming flood.”

   Job 38:25Psalm 32:6Daniel 9:26Nahum 1:8
2. Forceful surge used figuratively · occasional

   In Proverbs 27:4, the construct singular form occurs in the comparison of rage, anger, and jealousy; the APB renders the clause “a flood of anger.” In Daniel 11:22, the absolute singular form occurs where armies are swept away and broken, presenting a destructive sweeping force rather than a water scene.

   Proverbs 27:4Daniel 11:22

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB presents the term with water-related wording such as “torrents of rain,” “great waters,” “a flood,” and “an overwhelming flood.” It also uses “a flood of anger” and “swept away” in the figurative clauses; these are verse-level renderings rather than definitions.