qa.dar describes becoming dark or causing darkness, and in mourning contexts going about in a darkened, grieving condition.

The term most often marks darkness affecting the heavens, celestial lights, land, or other visible surroundings, including acts of causing such darkness. It also describes a darkened condition in scenes of mourning, injury, oppression, or lament.

1. Darkening of sky, lights, or surroundings · dominant

   In 1 Kings 18:45, the Hithpael perfect occurs as the heavens become black with clouds and wind before heavy rain. Hiphil forms in Ezekiel 32:7 and Ezekiel 32:8 occur in declarations of darkening stars and the lights of heaven; Qal forms likewise occur where the heavens grow dark in Jeremiah 4:28 and where the sun, moon, and stars are darkened in Joel 2:10.

   1 Kings 18:45Ezekiel 32:7Ezekiel 32:8Jeremiah 4:28Job 6:16Joel 2:10
2. A darkened condition in mourning or distress · common

   The Qal active participle describes a person’s condition in Psalm 35:14, where the APB renders the speaker as going bowed down like one mourning a mother, and in Psalm 43:2, where the speaker goes about mourning under enemy oppression. In Jeremiah 14:2, the plural Qal perfect stands in a scene where Judah mourns and its gates languish; Job 30:28 likewise places the participle beside a cry in the assembly.

   Jeremiah 14:2Job 30:28Psalm 35:14Psalm 38:7Psalm 42:10Psalm 43:2

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB uses expressions such as “grew black,” “darken,” “grow dark,” and “darkened” in sky and light contexts, while mourning passages are rendered with phrases such as “mourn” and “going about mourning.” These renderings show the verse-level presentation rather than fixed English equivalents.