tsa.rar denotes acting with hostility against someone, whether by afflicting, harassing, or standing as an adversary.

The attested use describes active hostility directed against people: opponents may afflict or harass others, and participial forms can identify those characterized as adversaries. The same use appears in commands against hostile groups, descriptions of their harmful actions, and prayers or statements concerning enemies.

1. Hostile opposition against persons · dominant

   Participial forms identify hostile persons: in Esther 9:24 the APB describes Haman as having devised against the Jews “to destroy them,” while in Psalm 143:12 it speaks of those who “afflict my soul.” Finite forms describe such treatment as something suffered in Psalm 129:1 and Psalm 129:2, where many have acted against the speaker from youth. In Numbers 25:17 the Qal infinitive absolute occurs in a directive against the Midianites, and Numbers 25:18 gives their deceitful actions as the reason.

   Esther 9:24Psalm 143:12Psalm 129:1Psalm 129:2Numbers 25:17Numbers 25:18

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB presents these contexts with wording such as “harass,” “vexed,” “afflicting,” and “adversaries,” and sometimes identifies a hostile person as an “enemy.” Because it is a whole-verse translation, these English expressions confirm the contexts of opposition without fixing a separate English equivalent in every verse.