par.osh is a proper name used for a group called its “sons” and for a father named in a genealogy.

The term is consistently a proper name. Most occurrences identify a group as “the sons of” the name in lists, enrollment, and numbering; one occurrence identifies Pedaiah by his father in a building account.

1. Name of a group called “sons of” it · dominant

   The proper noun occurs in group designations in Ezra 2:3 and Nehemiah 7:8, where the APB renders “The sons of Parosh numbered two thousand one hundred seventy-two.” In Ezra 8:3 it introduces Zechariah and enrolled males, and in Ezra 10:25 it heads a list of named men.

   Ezra 2:3Ezra 8:3Ezra 10:25Nehemiah 7:8
2. Father’s name in a personal identification · occasional

   In Nehemiah 3:25, the proper noun identifies Pedaiah as “son of Parosh” while the APB describes Pedaiah strengthening the next section.

   Nehemiah 3:25
3. Name in a list of signatories · occasional

   In Nehemiah 10:15, the proper noun appears in a sequence rendered by the APB as “Bunni, Azgad, Bebai,”; the supplied verse does not isolate its particular role beyond its presence as a proper name in the list.

   Nehemiah 10:15

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB explicitly uses “Parosh” in the group phrases of Ezra 2:3, Ezra 8:3, Ezra 10:25, Nehemiah 3:25, and Nehemiah 7:8. In Nehemiah 10:15 it renders only a sequence of names, so the specific contribution of the term is not clear from the whole-verse translation.